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Shiavault - a Vault of Shia Islamic Books Elementary Arabic Morphology 2 Intransitive and Transitive Verbs Does every verb need an actor? Does every verb need an objective compliment? When does a triliteral intransitive verb become transitive? How many categories of transitive verbs are there? What verbs are passive verbs derived from? Is a passive verb derived from an intransitive verb? How is a passive verb in the preterite tense formed? How is a passive verb in the aorist tense formed?

For example: جاءَ الولَدُ (The boy came.) • Transitive: A verb that doe not suffice itself with an actor, rather it needs an objective compliment as well. For example: کَسَرَ الخادِمُ ٳبریقاً (The servant broke a pitcher.) Most triliteral intransitive verbs are made transitive if placed into form II or IV. For example: دامَ (to last) becomes أدامَ (to make last) or کَرُمَ (to be noble) becomes کَرَّمَ (to call noble).

There are two categories of transitive verbs: • Active: a verb whose actor is known, for example: بَری التلمیذُ قَلَماً (The student sharpened a pencil.) • Passive: a verb whose actor is not mentioned and whose objective compliment is put in the actor's place. For example: بُرِيَ القَلَمُ (The pencil was sharpened.) A passive verb is normally formed from a transitive verb and the objective compliment takes the place of the actor after it is erased from the sentence.

For example: ضَرَبَ زیدٌ سلیماً (Zayd hit Salīm) becomes ضُرِبَ سلیمٌ (Salīm was hit.) 63, Yes, a passive verb is formed from an intransitive verb: • if it can be made transitive by using a preposition. For example: قَبَضَ الحارسُ علی اللصِّ (The guard seized the thief.) becomes قُبِضَ علی اللصِّ (the thief was seized.) • if there is a adverbal noun of time or place after the verb.

For example: صَامَ العابِدُ اذارَ (the worshiper fasted [in] March.) becomes صیمَ اذارُ (March was fasted.) • if there is an infinitive after the verb.