“And the believers in -transmigration of soul believe that...

“And the believers in -transmigration of soul believe that matter and soul both were eternal like God. If they discard the belief of the eternity of matter and soul, they will have to discard the belief of the transmigration of soul also. “2. Resulting from the above belief, is the belief that there are partners in the attributes and qualities of God, as Christians believe about Jesus Christ.

Because if Jesus Christ was not sharing the attributes and qualities of godhead, he could not be called a god. “3. Some groups believe that there were partners in the actions of God, i.e., they were his helpers or partners in creation and control of the universe, as the Greek philosophers believed in `ten intellects' who created the whole universe. “4. Some people believe and say that God has no partner in his eternity, qualities and actions, but he has partners in worship.

Such people are mainly called “mushrik ” in the Qur'anic terminology. “Such mushriks were the idol-worshippers of Arabia and their ideology is shared by the idol-worshippers in India and other places. “5. The last group is of those people who thought that God has no partner in his Eternity, attributes, actions and worship; but they believed themselves to be independent of Allah in their actions.

Such was the case of ` al-Qadiriyyah' (Qadirites) in Islam, who said that Allah had no power over man's actions. Such belief means that man is not dependent upon Allah; rather he shares in the authority of Allah concerning his own activities. ” Thus there are five types of shirk: (1) shirk in the person and Eternity of God, (2) shirk in the Attributes of God, (3) shirk in the Action of God, (4) shirk in the worship of God, and (5) shirk in the Authority of God.

All such beliefs are vehemently and clearly rejected and refuted in the Qur'an. The Holy Prophet on “at-Tawhid” Chapter 7 and 9 contain a discussion of the Holy Prophet with atheists. It was a part of a great discussion in which thirty-five rep resentatives of five religions (Jews, Christians, Atheists, Dualists that is Parsecs, and Polytheists that is mushrikin) came to him' and held discussions with him. In the ,end all accepted the truth of Islam and became Muslims.

It is the ;beauty of the arguments put forward by the Holy Prophet that he explained highly philosophical subjects in such a simple language that even a layman could easily understand it.