He expressed his own opinions of the Pahlavi regime...

He expressed his own opinions of the Pahlavi regime, the leading characteristics of which he identified as oppression and hostility to religion, as yet only allusively, in privately circulated poems.[^3] He assumed a public political stance for the first time in a proclamation dated 15 Urdibihisht 1323/ 4 May 1944 that called for action to deliver the Muslims of Iran and the entire Islamic world from the tyranny of foreign powers and their domestic accomplices.

The Imam begins by citing Qur’an, 34:46: “Say: ‘I enjoin but one thing upon you, that you rise up for Allah, in pairs and singly, and then reflect’” . This is the same verse that opens the chapter…