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Shiavault - a Vault of Shia Islamic Books A Short Biography of Imam Jaffer As-sadiq(a.s) Chapter 3 : Major Historic Events During the Times of Imam Jaffer Sadiq (a.s) INTRODUCTION: Imam Jafer Sadiq (A.S) was born in the reign of Abdul Malik Bin Marwan and was martyred in the times of Mansoor Dawanaqi. He therefore witnessed the reign of ten rulers from the Ummayades and two from the Abbasides.

Imam Sadiq (A.S) took over as the Imam of his times from his father during the reign of Hisham Bin Abdul Malik. To fully comprehend the problems and the prospects that lay in the way of Imam (A.S) in his obligations to serve mankind in general and the Muslims in particular, it is important to examine the political, economic and social climates during the kingship of these rulers all of whom were usurpers and blood thirsty.

The study of these monarch is also important in tracing the causes of the decline and the fall of the House of Ummayades and rise of the House of Abbasides. The Last four Caliphs from the Ummayades Hisham Bin Abdul Malik (104AH - 123AH) We have briefly studied the rulership of Hisham when we were dealing with the biography of Imam Muhammad Baqir (A.S).

Suffice it to say that, during the later years of his 19 years of reign, Hisham became extremely oppressive towards [mam Jaffer Sadiq (A.S) so much so that imam had to assume a lower profile in conducting his educational efforts. Having ruled for 19 years. Hi sham died at the age of 53 at his estate in Rusafa on the banks of River Euphrates In his lifetime. Hisham had made an agreement with his brother that the latter’s son.

Walid II would succeed Hishrun Hisham could not change this agreement, though he hated it, and was therefore succeeded by Walid 11 in 123 AH. Walid Bin Yezid Bin Abdul-Malk Bin (I23-I26AH): Robert Payne, the author of The History of Islam recognizes Walid as the "corrupt emperor". Syed Amir AH portrays him in these words: "….He waited impatiently to the death of his uncle.

Immediately on receiving the news, he hurried to Damascus, and began his reign by driving out Hisham's family from the palace. even the funeral rites of the deceased monarch were not allowed to be performed without indecent interference …. Suyuti described him as "Libertine, a wine-drinker, and a breaker of divine commands Masoodii in his ‘Muruju Zahab’ relates an incident when Walid opened the Quran and read those verses where Allah reminds faithfuls to submit to His will. Walid was enraged.