This shows the weakness of the claim that these two verses...

This shows the weakness of the claim that these two verses were revealed about the battle of Badr, or, as someone else said, about the battle of the Confederates. And it is obvious (from the context). QUR'AN: and Allah is Hearing, Knowing: He is Hearing, He had heard what was spoken there; and Knowing, He knew what was hidden in their hearts. It indicates that some Muslims had spoken there some (undesirable) things, and there were other things, which they had not disclosed to others.

Apparently the next clause, "When two parties from among you had determined that they should show cowardice", is related to these two attributes, (i.e.,…