ii) The Strong Force...

ii) The Strong Force: The neutrons and protons in the nucleus of the atoms are referred to as nucleons, since they exist in the nucleus. If the neutrons and the protons are separated by more than a hundred billionth of a centimeter, there is no mutual attraction between them. However when separated by a distance of less than ten trillionth of a centimeter, the feel a strong force of attraction. This is termed as a Strong Force or Strong Nuclear Force.

Scientists calculate that during the first few minutes after the expansion began, roughly 25% of the hydrogen in the universe was converted to helium. Scientists say that if the strong force had been any more intense (which requires a shift in a trillionth of a centimeter or less), all of the universe's hydrogen would have been converted to helium. In such a case life would never exist for 3 reasons: i) No water without hydrogen.

ii) Hydrogen is necessary for proteins and nucleic acids needed for life. iii) Stars that have only helium are extremely short lived and could never reach the three billion years figure that our system took for life to appear. What if the strong force were a little weaker by a trillionth of a centimeter or less, things just wouldn't exist as the protons could not stay together in the cores of atoms.

It is an acknowledged fact that if the Strong force was not between 0.1 f and 2 f (where f is the strong force constant) life would not exist and nor would any order like we see it. The difference between the two figures is less than microscopic and there is no explanation on why the numbers were where they were. That happening by chance is by itself, other things being constant, and one in one million.

When you take into account all the other constants, the figure gets so small that to believe that life originated without an intelligent designer becomes more absurd than a myth. The law of conservation of mass and energy discussed earlier makes it impossible to attribute a natural cause to the start of the universe. The energy had to come from somewhere. God provided the energy whose radiation we still receive. "...Whenever He (God) decrees a matter, He says Be and it is.

(Koran)." After exhausting all the other alternatives, the only hypothesis that is supported by facts is that God created the heavens and the earth. At Planck time (which is 10 to the power of negative 43 seconds, i.e.