A) Caliphs are shown as if they were not transgressors of Ali’s right...

A) Caliphs are shown as if they were not transgressors of Ali’s right, or they did not usurp Ali’s right to Caliphate. B) Ali too did not carry any rancor against them. C) He further says that peace and good terms lasted between the Imam and Caliphs. “He wanted rulership to serve religion and establish justice. Otherwise he regarded rulership far lesser than the worth of his old worn-out shoes.”!

[2] Criticism and Analysis As could be noted: “He has brought down Imamate to rulership and administration either deliberately or unintentionally. It should not be forgotten that such a discussion results in scientific negligence, which cannot be accepted besides its entailing corruption in drawing conclusions. The outcome can be only an imaginative unity. The statement says that Imamate and Wilayat are two aspects – one moral and the other rulership.

Then assertions are made that the first one cannot be usurped**[3]** while the second is not so important. In the narration of the word of Ali, a word is changed; that is Guardianship instead of rulership. Intentionally it is changed to create a short cut towards unity.” [4] Another point that should be made here is: Caliphate and rulership are positions given by God. This furnishes a suitable ground for guidance and perfection and prosperity of this world and the next.

It [1] [He who entertains this outlook has termed the bitterness as a enmity Ali had against the Caliph. This term is not suitable concerning the personality of Ali. Bitterness is possible to have, but he could not be implacable because it is not a good quality. (We shall dwell on this subject in more detail)] [2] Muhammad Jawad Hujjati Kermani: Ittelaat Daily, Issue no. 26 Khordad 1379 [3] [It should not be forgotten that this is occasion for denial] [4] Dr.

Jawad Muhaddaseen: Jam-e-Jam Daily, Issue 8, Bahman 1379 drives the society towards resurrection. Such a type of rulership cannot be worthless for Ali. If it be so, it means: Ali paid little or no attention to his duties because it is coherent with the position God has installed Ali in. The office of Guardianship does not necessarily depend on rulership, which too must be in possession. The Imam under responsibility of Guardianship discharges his duty of guidance to people.

But the fact should be noted that rulership provides an easier ground to achieve the goal of Guardianship to the extent of perfection that is expected by the appearance of the present Imam.