Especially with regard to co-operation of His Eminence (a.

Especially with regard to co-operation of His Eminence (a.s.) in administrative and governmental affairs, which shall be explained and interpreted, so that the respected readers will see the difference between the aims of two sides. The outlook of Imam Ali (a.s.) leads the reader to the root of the policy Caliphs held according to the demand of the occasion.

But they overlook it and say: “Until Muawiyah came to power, the successor of Prophet of God, Ali, adopted a policy of patience, tolerance, vigilance. His attitude with three Caliphs was friendly and co-operative. This resulted in good manners, good behavior and good conduct among Muslims. Inspite of criticism and censure expressed by Imam Ali (a.s.) which were due to honesty, good manners and Islamic promise.”! [3] Yes!

Good demeanor and decorum, Islamic commitments and good manners formed the ground of cooperation of Imam Ali (a.s.) with the three Caliphs. Whether the requests of Caliphs and their proposals too were based on same ground? Let History answer: “Caliphs’ government was very much in anticipation from Imam Ali (a.s.). For instance, as he finally paid allegiance**[4]** to Abu Bakr he was [1] Yusuf Gholami: Pas az Ghuroob (After Sunset), Pgs. 136-137; quoting from: Muruj az-Zahab, Vol. 3, Pgs.

21-22; Ansaab al-Ashraaf, Vol. 2, Pg. 31 & Pgs. 393-397 [2] Sayyid Ahmad Mawassaqi: Istiratazi-e-Wahdat (Strategy of Unity), Vol. 1, Pg. 120 [3] Ibid. Istiratazi-e-Wahdat (Strategy of Unity), Vol. 1, Pg. 120 [4] [Regarding Bayyat, Refer: Ali Labbaf: A Victim Lost in Saqifah, Vol. 4, Section 1] expected to give up or forego the demand for his right to Caliphate. Moreover, he was expected to be seen with sword in his hand to fight whoever opposed the Caliphs. But the Imam rejected this request.

Such an attitude and position of Imam was natural to impel the government to make him more humiliated in the view of people.

This policy was able to isolate the Imam more and more.” [1] In the same way: “Among the complaints of Imam about the Caliphs was that they led a campaign to belittle the personality of Imam, which was highest and most respected one in the view of people during the days of Prophet.” [2] Now when such is the case how can it be claimed that: “That which this writer has claimed and proved is that there existed friendly relations between Hazrat Ali (a.s.) and the Caliphs.”!