4 of collection of Naqsh translated and published separately)...

4 of collection of Naqsh translated and published separately), Role of the Imams in Revival of Religion, Vol. 1-7 group of writers cannot claim that Caliphate of Abu Bakr and Umar mirror every detail of the Prophet**[1]** – that too prophethood based on a sound reason and pristine human nature. However in the mind of the reader such essays do impart its effect and influence. This can only be eschewed if the writer makes known his perverted beliefs in prophethood beforehand.

They draw similarity between prophethood (of their own creation) and Caliphate: Caliphate, which is: A) Qadi Abu Bakr Muhammad bin Tayyab Baqilani (d. 403 Lunar) writes in his book Al-Tamheed that this school allows its followers to believe him in place of the Prophet as his Caliph in spite of his sins, low moral and corrupted personality.

He adds: “A Caliph cannot be deposed because of his atrocities, confiscation of people’s properties, lashing innocent people and not respecting and protecting rights of people.” [2] B) Saad al-Din, Masood bin Umar Taftazani (d.

792 Lunar) writes in his book Sharh al-Aqaid al-Nasafiya: “A Caliph cannot be deposed or dismissed from his position because of his sins, corruption and tyranny.” [3] He writes in this book Sharh al-Maqasid: “When a Caliph dies and a person having qualifications of Imamate – without getting allegiance or having been appointed by the previous Caliphs – forcibly takes the seat of Caliphate, the position of vicegerency of the Prophet will be established for him and in the same way – according to the view nearest to correctness – even if he is corrupt and ignorant… and the Caliph cannot be deposed on the ground of corruption and sins.” [4] C) In addition to these two quotations, we add one more here from the book Al-Vikhaye Fi Fiqh al-Hanafia.

[5] This shows the identity of the Caliph in the Sunni school: [1] Title of article in Issue No. 2 from Nida-e-Islam Magazine [2] Ustad Ja’far Subhani: Peshwayi az Nazar-e-Islam (Leadership in the view of Islam), Pg. 21 [3] Ibid. Pg. 24 [4] Ibid. Pg. 21 [5] [Apparently the title of the original book is Waqayatur Rawaya fee Masail al-Hidayah, by Mahmood bin Ubaidullah Mahboobi (died around 673 Lunar Year) about the Hanafite Fiqh. (Refer: Kashfuz Zunoon, Vol. 6, Pg. 406; Hadiyatul Aarifeen, Vol.

2, Pg. 406; Mojam al-Moallifeen, Vol.