It is He who has brought this system into existence and has...

It is He who has brought this system into existence and has given instrumentality to the instrument, causality to the cause and effectiveness to what which affects. There is only one creator for the world, i.e. God. Within the chain of cause and effect, things can of themselves exert no influence on other things. God is the immediate creator of all natural phenomena. Even mans power has no effect on His action. Thus, there is only one Cause in the world.

He has occupied the seat of what science names as natural causes. Such an interpretation is favored by some Ash`arite scholars whereas a number of other Ash`arite scholars such as Imam al-Haramayn (1), and Shaykh Muhammad `Abduh (in his treatise: Tawhid) have denounced it, adopting the first interpretation. Oneness in Regulating the Affairs Since creation is particularly Gods, His is the regulation of the affairs of the universe. There is only one who does it.

This is proved by the same argument that establishes the Divine oneness in creation. In many verses the Holy Qur'an introduces Allah as the sole Regulator: Say: What! Shall I seek a Lord other than Allaha He is the Lord of all things. 6:164. The two interpretations, (a) and (b) cover this issue, too. The Divine Unity raised here means that it is God who is totally free in His decision.

The ability of the beings within the system of the creation, to regulate the affairs, as stated in the Quran: Then those who regulate some affairs, 79:5 is subordinate to His Will. Oneness in Sovereignty This unity means that sovereignty is solely Allahs incessant right. It is He who rules over all individuals, as the Quran states: The decision rests with Allah only. 12:40.

So anyone elses rule must be as He wills: pious people must rule society to lead people to prosperity and perfection, as exemplified by the Quran: O Dawud! Surely We have made you a ruler in the land; so judge between men with justice. 38:26 Monotheism in Obedience This means that it is God Who essentially deserves to be obeyed. Obeying others such as the Prophet, the Imam, the jurisprudent, the father and the mother, is made possible because He has ordered it.

Oneness in Legislation Oneness in legislation means that it is only God who can make laws. This is why our holy book, the Quran considers it a source of unbelief, transgression and injustice for a law to be made outside the divine framework.