The reason for this is that the Qurān and traditions are in...

The reason for this is that the Qurān and traditions are in Arabic and it is impossible to understand the Qurān or the traditions without knowing Arabic. Tafsīr ; the mujtahid will have to refer to the Qurān so he must have a general knowledge of tafsīr . Logic; because every deductive skill needs logic. Logic teaches one how to define something and how to deduce something.[^5] The science of traditions: a mujtahid must know about traditions and their categories.

The science of rijāl : This is the science of knowing the individual in the chains of narrations; knowing if they are trustworthy or not. The reason for this is that one cannot accept everything that is narrated unless it is narrated by trustworthy people. The principles of jurisprudence: This is one of the most important sciences that the mujtahid must know because they are the rules that are applied in all of the different sections of jurisprudence.

Taqlid Taqlīd means acting according to the verdict of a mujtahid . Taqlīd shifts the responsibility of finding the religious ruling from the person performing taqlīd to the mujtahid . Taqlīd is one of the ways of finding a religious ruling, like ijtihād . Except that ijtihād is a direct way and taqlīd is an indirect way, because one reaches the religious ruling from the ijtihād of another. The proof for taqlīd being permissible or obligatory is the actions of sane people.

Sane people find it necessary for an ignorant person to refer to a scholar. The referral of the ignorant to the scholar is something seen in every society that man has been in. It is even seen today. An example of it is when a non-specialist refers to a specialist.[^6] One is dependent on taqlīd in finding out religious rulings except in the cases where one knows a religious rule. One can know a religious rule by having certainty about it which is possible without struggling and without study.

Examples of these are some of the obligatory actions, many of the recommended actions and most of the permissible actions which are known by most of the people who live in religious areas. Or, one can know the religious rule because of it being self-evident like the obligation of prayer or the forbiddance of drinking wine.

Precaution Precaution ihtiyāt means: the mukallaf performing everything that he suspects to be obligatory but does not suspect it to be forbidden or refraining from performing anything that he suspects to be forbidden but does not suspect it to be obligatory.