Gibb's Mohammedanism, especially chapter 7 “Orthodoxy and Shī'ism.

📌Gibb's Mohammedanism, especially chapter 7 “Orthodoxy and Shī'ism.” Author's Note: The book is not very favorable towards Islām. For starters, it defines Islām as “Mohammedanism” when it is well-known that Islām does not demand a personal adherence to the Prophet like that of Christianity towards Jesus.

📌Editor's Note: As Massignon explains: “If Christianity is fundamentally the acceptance and imitation of Christ before the acceptance of the Bible, Islām, on the contrary, is the acceptance of the Qur'ān before the imitation of Muhammad, as the Prophet himself explicitly declared” (94-95).

📌[^2]: Author's Note: Like some modern Muslim authors, the only thing that Gibb retains from Shī'ite Islām is that it is a religious minority whose historical development has been, to a certain extent, interpreted as a “heresy,” although without the annoying nuance that word has acquired in the West.…