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Shiavault - a Vault of Shia Islamic Books To Be With the Truthful The Prophetic Sunnah in the Perspective of Ahl al-Sunnah and Shi‘ah The Prophetic Sunnah is whatever said or done or approved by the Messenger of Allah (God’s peace and benediction be upon him and his Progeny), that is considered the second source after the Qur’ān for their rulings, rituals (‘ibādāt) and doctrines (‘aqā’id).

But Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jamā‘ah add to it another source, which being the sunnah (conduct) of the four Rightly — Guided Caliphs (al-Khulafā’ al-Rāshidun) who are Abu Bakr, ‘Umar, ‘Uthmān and ‘Ali, according to a hadith narrated by them as follows: “Adhere to my sunnah and the sunnah of the rightly — guided successors after me.

Hold on to it and cling to it stubbornly.”[^1] The clearest evidence for this lies in their following of ‘Umar ibn al-Khattāb’s conduct (sunnah) in performing Salāt al-Tarāwih (amusement prayer) of which the Messenger of Allah (s) has forbidden. Sahih al-Bukhāri, Vol. VII, p.

99, “bāb mā yajuz min al-ghadab wa al-shiddah li-amr Allāh”[^2] Some of them even dare to add to the Prophetic Sunnah the sunnah of the as a whole (whoever of them), according to a hadith narrated by them: “Verily, my are like the stars (nujum) whichever of them you follow, you shall be guided rightly," beside the hadith: "My are safety for my Ummah .:"[^3] But Hadith al-Nujum is verily incompatible with reason (' Aql ), logic (mantiq) and scientific reality since the Arabs were never guided in their desert travelling, by merely following any one of the stars.

But in fact they were guided by following certain specific stars, having known names. Besides, this hadith is not supported by the consequent events and practices that were exercised by the after the demise of the Messenger of Allah (S), as some of them have apostatized,[^4] beside differing in numerous issues that entailed disparagement between each other,[^5] cursing each other,[^6] and killing each other.[^7] Moreover some of the were chastised for imbibing wine, perpetrating adultery and robbery, beside other crimes; so how can any sane man accept such a tradition commanding to follow such people?

And can that one following Mu‘āwiyah, who renegaded against his time Imam — Amir al-Mu’minin, through warring against al-’Imām ‘Ali (‘a), be guided?