ভূমিকা

Shiavault - a Vault of Shia Islamic Books Ijtihad: Its Meaning, Sources, Beginnings and the Practice of Ra'y E. Shafi’i Works On Fiqh Al-qur’an Several Shafi'i `ulama' have attained fame for their compilations concerning fiqh al-Qur'an. Some of their works are noted below: Ahkam al-Qur'an, compiled by Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi'i, the leader of the Shafi'i school of fiqh (d. 204/819). Ahkam al-Qur'an, by Ibrahim ibn Khalid, known as Abu Tur al­Kalbi (d. 240/854).

Ayat al-'ahkam, by Ahmad ibn al-Husayn al-Bayhaqi (d. 458/1066). Ayat al-'ahkam, by 'Ali ibn Muhammad al-Tabarsi (d. 504/1110). An incomplete work by Ahmad ibn 'Ali, known as Ibn Hajar al­`Asqalani (d. 852/1448). Ahkam al-Qur an, and Iklil fi istinbat al-tanzil, by `Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr al-Misri (d. 911/1505). Manar al-'Islam fl sharh ayat al-'ahkam, by Ahmad Zayni Dahlin al­Hasani (d.1304/1886), Mufti of Makkah. Ahkam al-Qur'an by Ahmad ibn Yusuf Samin (d. 756/1355). F.

Hanbali Works on Fiqh al-Qur'an: Hanbali `Ulama' have also greatly contributed to this subject and compiled several treatises. Of their compilations are: Ayat al-'ahkam, compiled by Qadi Abu Ya'la al-Kabir (d. 458/1066). Ayat al-'ahkam, by Muhammad Abu Bakr al-Dimashqi al-Raz'i, known as Ibn Qayyim al-Jawzi (d. 751/1350). G. Zahiri Works on Fiqh al-Qur’an. Some `ulama' of the Zahiri school have as well written books on fiqh al-Qur'an.

Of their works are: Ahkam al-Qur an, compiled by Dawud ibn 'Ali al-Zahiri al-'Isfahani (201-270/816-883). Ahkam al-Qur'an, by `Abd Allah ibn Ahmad, known as Ibn al-Muflis (d.324/936) . Among the above-mentioned works, the best, perhaps, are: Qala’id al-durar fi ayat al- ahkam bi al- athar by Ahmad ibn Isma'il al-Jaza'iri from the Shi'i `ulama', and Ayat al-'ahkam by al-Jassas Abu Bakr al-Razi al-Hanafi from among the Sunni scholars.

Nevertheless, some of the discussions in these works evidence certain shortcomings. God-willing, the salient features of these works will be described later. In concluding this section of the article, it seems necessary to make a general observation concerning the jurisprudential study of ayat al-'ahkam. The thinkers of the Islamic legal schools have focused their attention and research largely on matters relating to `ibadat (rituals), in which no shortcoming is noticeable.