ভূমিকা

Shiavault - a Vault of Shia Islamic Books Al-muqaddimah Al-ajurrumiyyah [on the Science of Arabic Grammar] The Chapter on the ‘AṬF The Ḥurūf al-‘Aṭf (conjunctions) are ten, and they are: الواو (and) الفاء (shortly/immediately thereafter) ثُمّ (a while thereafter) أوْ (or) أمْ (or) إمَّا (either/or) بلْ (rather/instead) لاَ (not) لكنْ (but), and حتّى (up to including/even), in some places[^56] . If you use them (i.e.

these conjunctions) to conjoin (a word) to something that is Marfū‘, then you make (that word also) Marfū‘, or to something that is Manṣūb, then you make (it) Manṣūb, or to something that is Makhfūḍ, then you make (it also) Makhfūḍ, or to something that is Majzūm, then you make (it also) Majzūm.

You say (for example): قام زيدٌ وعمروٌ (Zayd and‘Amr came) رأيت زيداً وعمراً (I saw Zayd and‘Amr ) مررت بزيدٍ وعمروٍ (I passed by Zayd and‘Amr ) زيد لم يقمْ ولميقعدْ [^57] (Zayd din not stand andhe did not sit ) The Chapter on the TAUKĪD[^58] The Taukīd is a Tābi‘ (follower) of the Mu’akkad (i.e. the expression that is corroborated) in its being Marfū‘, Manṣūb, Makhfūḍ and Ma‘rifah.

It is accomplished with definite words, and they are: النفس (self/in person) العين (self/in person) كلّ (all/every/the whole lot) أجمع ** (all/every/the whole lot)** including the Tawābi‘ (followers) of أجمع, and they are: أكتع، أبتع، أبصع (all/every i.e.

the same as أجمع ) You say (for example): قام زيدٌنفسُ ه (Zayd,himself , came/Zayd camein person ) رأيت القومَكلَّ هم (I saw the people,all of them) مررت بالقومِأجمعين (I passed by the people,the whole lot ) The Chapter on the BADAL When one Ism is substituted (in meaning not in form) for another Ism or one Fi‘l for another Fi‘l (i.e. the one is made the Badal of the other), it follows it[^59] (the former) in all of its I‘rab.

It is of four types: Badal ash-Shay’ min ash-Shay’ (Substitute of the thing/whole for the thing/whole)[^60] Badal al-Ba‘d min al-Kull (Substitute of the part for the whole) Badal alishtimal (Substitute of the quality for the possessor of the quality or substitute of a thing for the container of that thing) Badal al-Ghalaţ (Substitute due to error i.e.

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