[^9] This ruling is supported by the following Prophetic...

[^9] This ruling is supported by the following Prophetic tradition that is reported by al-Bukhari, Muslim, al-Tirmidhi, al-Nasa'i, Ibn Majah, al-Darimi, and Ahmad ibn Hanbal: جُعِلَتْ لِيَ الأَرْضُ مَسْجِداً وَطَهُوراً. The earth has been made for me a prostration place and pure. Likewise, al-Bukhari, Muslim, and al-Nasa'i have reported the Holy Prophet (S) as saying: الأَرْضُ لَكَ مَسْجِدٌ. The earth is a place of prostration for you.

[^10] Sunni master Hadithists have also reported the Holy Prophet (S) as saying: لاَ تَتِمُّ صَلاَةُ أَحَدِكُمْ حَتَّى يَتَوَضَّأَ كَمَا أَمَرَ اللهُ تَعَالَى ثُمَّ يَسْجُدُ مُمَكِّناً جَبْهَتَهُ مِنَ الأَرْضِ. The prayer of any of you is imperfect unless you perform the ritual ablution (wudhu') exactly as Almighty Allah has ordered and then prostrate yourselves on the earth by making your foreheads touch the earth. [^11] These Hadithists also report Khabbab to have said that…