Here is an example...

Here is an example: قل الله خالق كل شئ وهو الواحد القهار “Say, ‘Allah is the creator of all things, and He is the One, the All-paramount’.” [^4] Therefore, the question of the unity of the Divine creative power in general is not disputed by theologians. What needs to be clarified here is that the unity of the Divine creative power has two interpretations, which are as follows: a.

If there exists any kind of causal system and causal relations among the creatures they all stem from the Cause of causes { ‘illat ’l-‘ilal } and the Source of effects { musabbab al-asbab }. In reality, the Independent and Principal Creator is God and the effect of any other than God on all that occurs is ascribed to God and through the permission and will of God. In this view, the system of cause and effect in the world, which contributes to unveiling the human knowledge, has been acknowledged.

Meanwhile, this system belongs to God Who has brought into being this system and originated the effects and causality, causes and causation, and the agents. b. There is only One Creator in the world and that is God, and in the order of the universe, there exists nothing that can affect or be affected among the things, and God is the Principal[^5] Creator of all natural phenomena and human power has also no effect on His deeds.

Therefore, there is only One Cause in the world and He is the “substitute” of all that which is known as “natural causes”. Of course, this interpretation of the unity of the Divine creative power is endorsed by a group of ‘Ash‘ari scholars, but some figures such as Imam al-Haramayn,[^6] and recently, Shaykh Muhammad ‘Abduh in his book on monotheism, reject this interpretation and adopt the first interpretation.

The unity of the Divine design {tadbir} Since creation belongs exclusively to God, the design of the order of being also belongs to Him. There is only One Designer in the world, and by means of the rational proof { dalil al-‘aqli } that affirms the idea of the unity of the Divine creative power the unity of the Divine design is proved.