One should think how to make up for the past and missed things.

One should think how to make up for the past and missed things.”[^7] It is worth mentioning that every human being should analyze the root of sins to see the stimulation to abandon it. Moralists have said that the factors behind backbiting are: anger, rancor, jealousy, suspicion, derision, satisfying one’s revenge, and the like. Therefore, human beings should do their best to eradicate these factors and to purify themselves from them. It is in this way that they will strengthen their Taqwa.

It is worth mentioning that both the one who backbites and the one who hears backbiting have a share of the sin, for they both deal a blow on society and they both disgrace a Muslim. It is mentioned in traditions that “there is no meeting built on backbiting, except that many things from religion are destroyed in it.

Therefore, purify your ears from listening to backbiting, because the speaker and the listener (of backbiting) are participant in the sin”[^8] Evidently, there are certain exceptions about the forbidden act of backbiting mentioned by moralists in their books of jurisprudence.

In his book Ghawa’id, Shahid has said: ‘Backbiting is permissible and even obligatory in seven cases as follows: 1- When someone deserves backbiting like those who openly talk about their debauchery and corruption 2- When an oppressed person complains of the oppressor 3- In consultation when a suitor or trade partner counsels with…