The jurists have studied Islamic jurisprudence on the basis...

The jurists have studied Islamic jurisprudence on the basis of four principal categories that contain all human activity, besides the topics of social life and these are as follows: Worship (ibadat): (prayer, fasting, hajj, zakat, etc.) Contracts ('oqud): (buying, selling, liability, marriage, etc.) Unilateral Instigations (iyqa'at): (divorce, vows, oaths, confession, etc.) Other Laws (ahkam): (retaliation, misappropriation, punishment, etc.) We should know that everything mentioned in the Qur'an and sunnah is as an actual law, so, it is incorrect to describe it as theory, as the field of Islamic theory is dealing with deduction and diligence.

As a consequence of this, when we use the term `Islamic Theory', it means `the views and interpretations that are reached by the Islamic scholar, in a deligent way, to express or organize a certain case pertaining to the action and human activity', such as; policy, economy, sociology, history, ethics, personal conduct, family ties and, so on. The theory and verdicts, along with the unchangeable Islamic values that deal with a certain subject, represent the Islamic doctrine in that regard.

The collection of views, for example, and diligent, economic principles (i.e., theory) that deal with affairs of distribution, currency, consumption and ownership, in addition, to the other verdicts and stable values (as the taboo of usury and the necessity of justice) which deal with the economic affairs of life for fulfilling economic justice are called `The Islamic Economy Doctrine'.

When the laws that are enacted apply to the Islamic Economy Doctrine, it is called `Islamic Political Economics'; with regard to policy, sociology and, so on. The discoverer of the theory practices a diligent act when he conforms to the research methods and Islamic thinking.

If the Islamic researcher wants to restrict the Islamic theory in regard to sociology, policy, psychology, economy, ethics, interpretation of history, and the like, he must collect all the information that is connected with his research in an attempt to help him to form the theory based on the two levels of the scientific research method, which was mentioned before; the general method and the private one, which is connected to that research.