ভূমিকা
Shiavault - a Vault of Shia Islamic Books The Role of the in Building the Virtuous Community Book Two: General Rules and Fundamentals Chapter 2: Ethical Aspect In the process of structuring a human community, moral standards represent the second basis on which it stands. These moral standards express the sentimental and cerebral aspects of human behavior and ties linked to justice and injustice, goodness and evil, spiritual/mental perfection and depravity in the progress of humanity.
To sum up, philosophers describe moral standards as practical reason and doctrinal and intellectual values as dependent upon hypothetical reason. The Role of Ethics in the Formation of Religious Laws The Holy Imams of the (‘a) presented the features of this aspect through the following two points: (1) The role played by moral standards in the formation of religious laws and a system for human society.
(2) The responsibility of man regarding moral standards defined through the desire to achieve perfection through them. These two points became the sharpest points of disagreement in Islamic ideology.
A large number of Islamic intellectuals adopted the notion of fatalism ( jabr ), which argues that man actually has no control over his ethical and behavioral deviations since they are independent of his free will; hence, man is controlled by the Divine will throughout his existence, and his deeds are only made and created by God. This, however, makes no sense.
It implies that God’s punishment of man for violations of religious laws is opposed to Divine justice or inappropriate because man lacks any independent ethical perceptions by which he may deem things good or hideous. On the contrary, man is obligated to obey religious laws representing God’s commandment and Will.