For this reason...

For this reason, centuries prior to the birth of Jesus Christ (s), governments had in this region and established some civilizations.[^9] The governments which have been established in this region are: (1) The Ma`in State: This government was in existence between 1400 and 850 BC and fell with the creation of the Saba' State. (2) The Hazramawt State: This state existed between 1020 and 65 BC and fell to the Saba' State.

(3) The Saba' State: This state was in existence between 850 and 115 BC and ended due to the establishment of the Himyari Saba' and Ridan government. (4) The Qataban State: This state existed between 865 and 540 BC and came to an end with the establishment of the Saba' State.

(5) The States of Saba', Ridan, Hazramawt and the vicinity of Yemen, whose vocal dynasties were called Tubba` and lived between 115 BC and 523 AD, their capital was ²afar.[^10] A Prosperous Civilization in the South of Arabia Historians have admired the Yemeni bright civilization.

An example is Herodotus, the great Greek historian of the fifth century BC, who mentions the civilization of this land which embodied lofty castles in Saba' with doors engraved with precious stones; these castles contained golden-ware and silver-ware and beds made of precious metals.[^11] Some historians refer to a glorious, twenty-floor castle, called Qur'an in Sana’a, which consisted of one hundred rooms with externally high walls and mirror-decorated ceilings.[^12] Strabonn, a famous Roman tourist, paid a visit to this city.

Referring to the civilization in this land, he writes: The city of Ma'rib was a strange city because the ceilings of its castles were made of ivory with gilded scripts and jewels.

The elegant Kitchenware made any human being wonder.[^13] Likewise, the Islamic historians and geographers, Mas`udi (died 346 AH), and Ibn Rustah (one of the scholars of the third century AH) talk of the luxurious life of people in this region and of its prosperous life patterns prior to the advent of Islam.[^14] Archeological investigations in the 19th and 20th centuries, as well as the research of historians, have all located valid documents concerning the glorious civilization in this ancient land.

The remaining ruins in Aden, Sana’a, Ma'rib and Hazramawt all attest to an Arab civilization in the south, i.e. in Yemen, and the neighboring lands. This civilization had been a rival for the Phoenician and Babylonian civilizations.