There were Jewish communities in Tayma',[^130] Fadak[^131], and Khaybar.

There were Jewish communities in Tayma',[^130] Fadak[^131], and Khaybar.[^132] The Jews of Yathrib belonged to three tribes: Banu- Nazir, Banu-Qaynuqa` and Banu-Qurayzah.[^133] Besides these three Jewish settlements, there were in Medina two other Jewish tribes; Aws and Khazaraj, during the third century AD. Upon the establishment of the Jews in Yathrib, these two tribes came from Yemen to live in this city.

They were originally idolaters and due to their association with the Jews, some of them embraced Judaism. It is said that there were some Jews living in ta’if who had been driven out of Yemen and Yathrib by force and they started their engagement in trade.[^134] Wherever they lived in Arabia, the Jews were well-known for farming due to their skills in this activity. In Medina too, they were famous due to their skills in blacksmithing,…