Inviting the world leaders to Islam could take place only...

Inviting the world leaders to Islam could take place only after the Hudaybiyah Truce. (4) This truce indirectly led to the seizure of Mecca because, in accordance with its forth paragraph, the alliance of tribes with Quraysh or Muslims was a matter of free choice and the tribe of Khuza`ah allied with Muslims. However, Quraysh attacked this tribe and thus breached the truce causing the Holy Prophet to seize Mecca.

Regarding such bright results, the Hudaybiyah Truce can be seen as a great victory for Muslims. Surah al-Fath was revealed to the Holy Prophet when he was on his way to sign on this truce.[^263] God called this treaty as a clear victory.[^264] [^1] Yaqut al-Hamawi, Mu`jam al-Buldan, 4:238. [^2] Montgomery Watt, Muhammad at Medina, pp. 294. It is said that the Jews had had fifty-nine castles and dwelling-places at Yathrib before the tribes of Aws and Khazraj resided there.

On the other side, the Arab tribes had only thirteen castles and dwelling places. See op cit, pp. 293; Wafa al-Wafa 1:165. This vividly shows the social distances between these two. [^3] Ibn Husham, op cit, 2:70; tabari, op cit, 2:234; al-Bayhaqi, Dala'il al-Nubuwwah 2:128; Ibn Shahrashub, Manaqib 1:51; tabarsi, I`lam al-Huda, pp. 56. Although they had been expecting the advent of the Promised Prophet, the Jews stood against the Holy Prophet.

For this reason, the Holy Qur’an reprimanded them in the following manner: And when there came to them [the Israelites] a book from Allah verifying that which they have, and aforetime they used to pray for victory against those who disbelieve, but when there came to them prophet that which they did not recognize, they disbelieved in him; so Allah's curse is on the unbelievers. (2:89. [^4] tabarsi, op cit, pp. 57.

[^5] Ibn Husham, op cit, 2:67-70; tabari, op cit, 2:233; al-Buladhari, Ansab Al-Ashraf 1:238; al-Bayhaqi, op cit, 2:118. [^6] Ibn Husham, op cit, pp. 70-73; tabari, op cit, pp. 234-235; al-Bayhaqi, op cit, 2:128; al-Majlisi, Bihar al-Anwar 19:25. [^7] `Aqabah, meaning a pass, is situated to the west of Mecca. [^8] Five of them had sworn allegiance with the Holy Prophet in the last year, while seven paid homage this year.

[^9] This treaty was termed bay`at al-nisa', because the issues of war not included in it. After the conquest of Mecca, the Holy Prophet asked women to swear their allegiance. This issue is brought up in a verse in Surah al-Mumtahanah that reads, O Prophet!