599 A.H.]** [^1]...

599 A.H.]** [^1]: Three tribes of Jews lived in strong forts in Medina at that time: Banu Qurayza, Banu Nudhayr and Banu Qaynqa’. They were bitter enemies of (S) and Muslims. They broke their pledge with Prophet (S) and started a campaign of propaganda and insult against Prophet (S) and Muslims. They conspired to kill Prophet (S) and Muslims and waged war against Muslims either directly or indirectly by supporting other tribes. Ultimately, all these three tribes were banished from Medina.

For more details see the book, The Message, by Ayatullah Ja’far Subhani available at: http://www.al-islam.org/message/ [^2]: For exegesis of these ayahs, please see Tafsir al-Mizan available online at: http://www.shiasource.com/al-mizan/ See under verse 2:144 [^3]: Related verses of Holy Qur’an: And thus We have made you a medium (just) nation that you may be the bearers of witness to the people and (that) the Messenger may be a bearer of…