The companions and their successors who have denied that from the caliph.

The companions and their successors who have denied that from the caliph.[^1] The opinion of the Shia and their evidences on the subject. We have just intended to show the truth in our study on this subject. Our evidences have been derived from the Book, the Sunna and the [^1] Among them was Abdul Melik bin Abdul Aziz bin Jurayj Abu Khalid al-Mekki who was one of the famous scholars among the companions’ successors.

Ibn Khillikan mentioned his biography in his book wafiyyat al-A’yan, ibn Sa’d in his Tabaqat, vol.5 p.361 , ibn al-Qaysarani in his book al-Jam’ Bayna Rijal as-Sahihayn, p.314 and ath-Thahabi in his Mizan and he said about him: “He is one of the reliable scholars, who has been trusted by the all. He has got married to ninety women in temporary marriage. He thought that temporary marriage was permissible.

He was the jurisprudent of Mecca at his time.” Al-Ma’moon also during his reign has denied prohibiting temporary marriage (by Umar) and ordered his officials to announce its permissibility-as mentioned by ibn Khillikan in his book Wafiyyat al-A’yan when talking about the biography of Yahya bin Aktham. Muhammad bin Mansoor and Abul Ayna’ once came to al-Ma’moon.

They found him brushing his teeth and saying angrily (repeating the saying of Umar) : “Two pleasures were practiced at the time of the messenger of Allah and at the time of Abu Bakr but I (Umar) prohibit them!

Who are you (this is the complement of al-Ma’moon) O you scarab, so that you prohibit what the messenger of Allah and Abu Bakr have practiced?” Muhammad bin Mansoor wanted to talk with al-Ma’moon but Abul Ayna’ made a sign to him and said: “A man saying so about Umar bin al-Khattab, how can we talk to him?!” they did not talk to him. Then Yahya bin Aktham came to him and warned him that sedition might take place (if he permitted temporary marriage)…” (227) consensus of the umma.

Let the fair researchers ponder on what we have written about this subject and then they are free to judge whether it is permissible or not. 23. Changing the azan[^1] We have researched on the traditions concerning the azan during the time of the Prophet (s) and we have not found this statement “prayer is better than sleeping” as a part of the azan. In fact this statement was not in the azan even at the time of Abu Bakr.

Umar had ordered this statement to be added to the azan after passing of some period of his caliphate when he liked that and admired it to be in the azan of Fajr (dawn) prayer.