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Shiavault - a Vault of Shia Islamic Books Events and Circumstances Surrounding the Martrydom of Al-husain B. Ali References 1-al-Tabari Tarikh al-rusul wa-'l-muluk ed. M. J. de Goeje et al. (Leiden 1879-1901) II 1 (hereafter referred to as Tabari). 2- Ibn A'tham Kitab al-futuh ed. Muhammad 'Abd al-Mu'id Khan (Hyderabad 1971) IV 159-160 hereafter referred to as I.A. 3- On sira meaning "practice" cf. M. M.

Bravmann The Spiritual Background of Early Islam (Leiden 1971) 126-130 4- Tabari, II 5-[^6]: 5- Tabari, II 8 6- Ibn Qutaiba (attributed) al-Imama wa-'l-siyasa (Cairo 1904). V1, p. 261 7- I.A. IV 161-2 cf. Ibn Qutaiba op.cit. I [^262]: 8- al-Dinawari, al-Akhbar al-tiwal (Leiden 1888) II [^235]: 9- Tabari, II 112-[^113]: 10- Tabari, II 81-[^83]: 11- Abu 'l-Faraj al-Isfahani Kitab al-aghani (Bulak-Cairo 1285) XVI, 3; Ibn Sa'd al-Tabaqat al-kabir ed. Sachau et al.

(Leiden 1879-1901) VI, [^152]: 12- Ibid; Tabari, II 117ff; Kitab al-Aghani XVI, 3-[^4]: 13- cf. M. Hinds "Kufan Political Alignments and their Background in the Mid. 7th Century A.D." International Journal of Middle East Studies (Cambridge, October 1971) [^362]: 14- He is alleged to have been involved in the killing of 'Uthman.

15- Tabari, II 117; Kitab al-aghani XVI 3-[^4]: 16- Tabari, II 125-[^6]: 17- Tabari, II [^116]: 18- Tabari, II [^220]: 19- Tabari, II 233-[^5]: 20- Tabari, II [^240]: 21- Tabari, II [^237]: 22- Tabari, II [^239]: 23- Tabari, II 239-[^240]: 24- Tabari, II [^242]: 25- Tabari, II [^246]: The arif is the man in charge of the distribution of stipends among a certain group, irafa. M. Hinds op,cit. 349 ays: "At both Kufa and Basra the 'irafa became a unit for the distribution of 100,000 dirhams.