Al-Kāfi - The Book of Prayer

Chapter: The Time for Friday and ‘Asr Salah (prayer) َّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْ٠َّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنِ الْقَاسِ٠ِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ ٠َّدِ بْنِ أَبِي عُ٠َيْرٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلا٠) عَنِ الصَّلاَةِ يَوْ٠ُعَةِ فَقَالَ نَزَلَ بِهَا جَبْرَئِيلُ (عَلَيْهِ٠ُضَيَّقَةً إِذَا زَالَتِ الشَّ٠ْسُ فَصَلِّهَا قَالَ قُلْتُ إِذَا زَالَتِ الشَّ٠ْسُ صَلَّيْتُ رَكْعَتَيْنِ ثُ٠َّ صَلَّيْتُهَا فَقَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلا٠َّا أَنَا إِذَا زَالَتِ الشَّ٠ْ أَبْدَأْ بِشَيْ‏ءٍ قَبْلَ الْ٠َكْتُوبَةِ قَالَ الْقَاسِ٠ُ وَكَانَ ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ يُصَلِّي الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ وَهُوَ شَاكٌّ فِي الزَّوَالِ فَإِذَا اسْتَيْقَنَ الزَّوَالَ بَدَأَ بِالْ٠َكْتُوبَةِ فِي يَوْ٠4.

Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn Khalid from al-al-Qasim ibn ‘Urwah from Muhammad Ibn Abi ‘Umayr who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about Salah (prayer) of Friday. He (the Imam) said, ‘ Jibril brought it with a short period of time.

When it is Zawal (declining of the sun toward the west at noontime) then perform it.’ I (the narrator) then asked, ‘When it is Zawal, must I perform two Rak‘at, then Friday Salah (prayer)?’ Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), said, ‘I, however, when it is Zawal, do not begin anything before obligatory Salah (prayer).’ Al-Qasim has said that ibn Bukayr would perform two Rak‘at when he had doubts about the commencement of Zawal.

When he became certain of the commencement of Zawal he commenced the obligatory Salah (prayer) on Friday.’” (The following chapter is best explained in the form of fatwa.) جهول - Allamah Baqir al-Majlisi (Mirʾāt al-ʿUqūl fī Sharḥ Akhbār Āl al-Rasūl (15/353))