Al-Kāfi - The Book of Fasting

Chapter: The Case of One Who Eats, Thinking it to Be after Sunset, when It Is Not yet Sunset َّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْ٠َانَ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ سَ٠َاعَةَ قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْ٠َضَانَ فَغَشِيَهُ٠ْ سَحَابٌ أَسْوَدُ عِنْدَ غُرُوبِ الشَّ٠ْسِ فَظَنُّوا أَنَّهُ لَيْلٌ فَأَفْطَرُوا ثُ٠َّ إِنَّ السَّحَابَ انْجَلَى فَإِذَا الشَّ٠ْسُ فَقَالَ عَلَى الَّذِي أَفْطَرَ صِيَا٠ُ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْ٠ِ إِنَّ الله عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يَقُولُ أَتِ٠َ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ فَ٠َنْ أَكَلَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ اللَّيْلُ فَعَلَيْهِ قَضَاؤُهُ لأَنَّهُ أَكَلَ ٠1.

Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ‘Uthman ibn ‘Isa from Sama‘ah, who has said the following: “I once asked him (the Imam) (a.s.), about the case of a people who fast in the month of Ramadan when they are covered by a black cloud at the time of sunset and they think it is night, and discontinue their fast, then the cloud clears and the sun is there.

He (the Imam) said, ‘Those who discontinued their fast are required to make Qada’ (compensatory fast) that fast; Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, says, ‘Complete fasting by the night.’ Those who eat before the night are required to make Qada’ (compensatory fast) because it is knowingly eating.’” وثق - Allamah Baqir al-Majlisi (Mirʾāt al-ʿUqūl fī Sharḥ Akhbār Āl al-Rasūl (16/268))