It is unlawful (ḥarām) for one to empty his bowels and/or bladder in four places: 1. in dead-end alleys without the owner’s consent. The same applies to public alleys and roads in the event that it causes harm to pedestrians; 2. on the property of someone who has not given his consent for one to empty his bowels and/or bladder on it; 3. in a place that is a charitable endowment (waqf) for use by particular groups, such as some schools; 4.
on the graves of believers, whether it is disrespectful to them or not, except if the land is al‑mubāḥāt al‑aṣliyyah.[5] The same applies to any place where emptying one’s bowels and/or bladder causes dishonour to one of the sacred things of the religion or faith.