Based on an obligatory precaution, a muʿtakif must not intend to ejaculate (even by lawful means); furthermore, he must refrain from having sexual contact with his spouse by means of touching, and he must refrain from lustfully kissing her. Looking lustfully at one’s spouse during iʿtikāf does not invalidate one’s iʿtikāf, but the recommended precaution is that one should refrain from doing so.