Being maḥram through breastfeeding is established in two ways: 1. by the report of someone, or some people, from whom one attains certainty (yaqīn) or confidence (iṭmiʾnān); 2. the testimony of two dutiful (ʿādil) men; however, they must describe the circumstances in which the child was breastfed. For example, they must say, ‘We have seen such and such child breastfeeding from the breasts of such and such woman for twenty-four hours, and the child did not eat anything during that period’.