Every time a Rasool came to them with what their souls did not desire...
Every time a Rasool came to them with what their souls did not desire, a group they belied and a group they killed [5:70] Allah -azwj Curses the Transgressors among the Bani Israel : لُعِنَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ عَلَىٰ لِسَانِ دَاوُودَ وَعِيسَى ابْنِ مَرْيَمَ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِمَا عَصَوْا وَكَانُوا يَعْتَدُونَ {78} Cursed were those who committed Kufr from the Children of Israel, upon the tongue of Dawood and Isa Bin Maryam.
That was due to their disobedience and they were exceeding [5:78] The worshiping of the calf by the Bani Israel : وَجَاوَزْنَا بِبَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ الْبَحْرَ فَأَتَوْا عَلَىٰ قَوْمٍ يَعْكُفُونَ عَلَىٰ أَصْنَامٍ لَهُمْ ۚ قَالُوا يَا مُوسَى اجْعَلْ لَنَا إِلَٰهًا كَمَا لَهُمْ آلِهَةٌ ۚ قَالَ إِنَّكُمْ قَوْمٌ تَجْهَلُونَ {1387:} And We Got the Children of Israel to cross the sea, and they came to a people devoting themselves to their idols. They said, ‘O Musa!
Make a god for us just as there is a god for them’. He said, ‘You are an ignorant people [7:138] The differing of Bani Israel : وَلَقَدْ بَوَّأْنَا بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ مُبَوَّأَ صِدْقٍ وَرَزَقْنَاهُمْ مِنَ الطَّيِّبَاتِ فَمَا اخْتَلَفُوا حَتَّىٰ جَاءَهُمُ الْعِلْمُ ۚ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ يَقْضِي بَيْنَهُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فِيمَا كَانُوا فِيهِ يَخْتَلِفُونَ {9310:} And We had Lodged the Children of Israel in respectable dwellings and We Sustained them from the good things; but they did not differ until the Knowledge came to them.
Surely your Lord will Judge between them on the Day of Judgement with regards to what they were differing in [10:93]. The differing on religion means some of them were on the right path whereas the others were on the wrong path, so Allah -azwj gave them an opportunity to correct their affairs and did not Drive them away from the Guidance!
Appendix II: The Treaty of Hudaybiya We present Shia perspectives in the short article rebutting the general belief of Sunni Muslims who believe that all those who pledged allegiance under the tree remained, until death, loyal to Allah -azwj and to Islam. The Verse 48:18 was Revealed prior to the signing of the treaty of ‘ Hudaybiya’ , some Verses related to the pledge under the tree are given above, here some details relevant to the treaty of Hudaybiya are given.
Briefly, the treaty of ‘ Hudaybiya ’ was a trial for Muslims like that of Bani Israel, as some Muslims who had pledged allegiance to Rasool-Allah -saww under the tree, could not sustain their support beyond few hours.