أَنَّ مَعْنَى الْوِلَايَةِ أَنْ يَلِيَ الْإِنْسَانُ لِوَالِي...
أَنَّ مَعْنَى الْوِلَايَةِ أَنْ يَلِيَ الْإِنْسَانُ لِوَالِي الْوُلَاةِ أَوْ لِوُلَاةِ الْوُلَاةِ فَيَلِي أَمْرَ غَيْرِهِ فِي التَّوْلِيَةِ عَلَيْهِ وَ تَسْلِيطِهِ وَ جَوَازِ أَمْرِهِ وَ نَهْيِهِ وَ قِيَامِهِ مَقَامَ الْوَلِيِّ إِلَى الرَّئِيسِ أَوْ مَقَامَ وُكَلَائِهِ فِي أَمْرِهِ وَ تَوْكِيدِهِ فِي مَعُونَتِهِ وَ تَسْدِيدِ وِلَايَتِهِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ أَدْنَاهُمْ وِلَايَةً ‘The meaning of authority is that a person assumes a position under the chief ruler or under the governors of the rulers, thereby taking charge over others by being appointed over them, exercising control, and having the right to command and forbid.
He acts in the place of the ruler before the superior or in the place of his deputies in carrying out his duties, supporting him, and strengthening his authority, even if he holds the lowest level of authority.
فَهُوَ وَالٍ عَلَى مَنْ هُوَ وَالٍ عَلَيْهِ يَجْرِي مَجْرَى الْوُلَاةِ الْكِبَارِ الَّذِينَ يَلُونَ وِلَايَةَ النَّاسِ فِي قَتْلِهِمْ مَنْ قَتَلُوا وَ إِظْهَارِ الْجَوْرِ وَ الْفَسَادِ ‘So, he is a ruler over those under his authority, functioning like the senior rulers who govern the people, in that they kill whom they wish to kill and manifest tyranny and corruption.’ The Meanings of Services: وَ أَمَّا مَعْنَى الْإِجَارَةِ فَعَلَى مَا فَسَّرْنَا مِنْ إِجَارَةِ الْإِنْسَانِ نَفْسَهُ أَوْ مَا يَمْلِكُهُ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يُؤَاجَرَ لِشَيْءٍ مِنْ غَيْرِهِ فَهُوَ يَمْلِكُ يَمِينَهُ لِأَنَّهُ لَا يَلِي أَمْرَ نَفْسِهِ وَ أَمْرَ مَا يَمْلِكُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُؤَاجِرَهُ مِمَّنْ هُوَ آجَرَهُ وَ الْوَالِي لَا يَمْلِكُ مِنْ أُمُورِ النَّاسِ شَيْئاً إِلَّا بَعْدَ مَا يَلِي أُمُورَهُمْ وَ يَمْلِكُ تَوْلِيَتَهُمْ ‘As for the meaning of rental, it is as we -asws have explained.
When a person rents out himself or what he owns before being hired for something by another, then he owns his right hand, because he does not assume authority over himself or what he owns until he rents it out to the one who hires him. A ruler, however, does not possess any authority over people’s affairs except after assuming their governance and holding authority over them.
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