{"id":26985,"date":"2024-05-16T11:49:55","date_gmt":"2024-05-16T11:49:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hubeali.com\/?p=26985"},"modified":"2024-12-01T22:02:13","modified_gmt":"2024-12-01T22:02:13","slug":"timeline-of-major-events-in-islamic-history","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hubeali.com\/timeline-of-major-events-in-islamic-history\/","title":{"rendered":"Timeline of major events in Islamic History"},"content":{"rendered":" Summary: \n A brief timeline of some of the major Islamic events is presented from the information, which can be found in Shia Ahadith Books. NB: Arabic text is deliberately excluded in order to shorten the length of the article, but can be obtained from the given references. \n Prior to the migration to Madinah, events related to Islam are referred against the year of elephant, a unique historical event which took place, during the lifetime of Abd Al-Muttalib \u2011asws, the grandfather of Rasool Allah -saww.\u00a0 The year of elephant refers to the year when a king of Ethiopia (Abraha) [1] diverted with the cavalry horses and with them were the elephants, in order to demolish the House (Kabah) and to rebuilt its replica in his own country. [2] \n The Holy Prophet Mohammed -saww Ibn Abdullah -saww was Sent down to earth by Allah -azwj on the 17th of Rabi\u2019 Al-Awwal, in the year of the Elephant on a Friday at noon. [3] Additional information on Rasool Allah -saww is included in Appendix, below a summary, on the most important Islamic events during the life-time of Rasool Allah -saww is presented. \n Prophet Mohammed -saww \u2019s father Abd Allah -asws Ibn Abd Al-Muttalib -asws died in Madinah, while accompanying a trading caravan, when Prophet Mohammed -saww was only two months old. \n Prophet -saww \u2019s mother Syeda Amina -asws daughter of Wahab, died when he -saww was a boy of four years old. \n Abd Al-Muttalib -asws (the grandfather of the Prophet -saww who started taking care of him -saww after the death of his -saww parents -asws ) also died when the Holy Prophet -saww was about eight years old. \n After the death of Abd Al-Muttalib -asws, the Prophet -saww \u2019s uncle Abu Talib -asws (Ibn Abd Al-Muttalib -asws ) and his -asws wife (Syeda Fatimah -asws Binte (daughter) of Asad -asws ) starting looking after Prophet Mohammed -saww. \n Ali -asws (the cousin and successor) of Prophet Mohammed -saww was gifted to Abu Talib -asws and Syeda Fatimah -asws binte [4] Asad -asws 30 years after the year of the elephant, in the Kabah on Friday on the night of 13 th Rajab. Imam Jafar-e-Sadiq -asws (6 th Shia Imam) says that Ali -asws (Amir Al-Momineen -asws – chief of the believers) was blessed to his -asws parents thirty years after the coming to the world of holy Prophet -saww. [5] \n The narrator of the Hadith says I heard it from Imam Ali -asws bin Al-Hussain -asws that Syeda Fatima -asws Binte Asad -asws was performing circumambulation ( tawaf ) of the Kabah when its wall (suddenly) opened (with noise) and the Syeda -asws entered into the Kabah and there came (to this world) Amir ul-Momineen -asws. [6] \n Imam Ali -asws (the first Shia Divine Leader) left this world on the twenty-first of the month of Ramadan on Sunday night aged 63 years old. Ali Amir Al-Momineen -asws lived for thirty years after the death of the Holy Prophet -saww. \n Prophet Mohammed -saww married Syeda Khadija -asws after reaching adulthood. Allah -asws blessed them -asws with a daughter, Syeda Fatimah -asws. Syeda Khadija -asws left this world one year before the Prophet -saww migrated to Madinah. Syed Abu Talib -asws who brought up Holy Prophet -saww and protected him -saww from \u2018Mushraqeen\u2019 [7] of Makkah also left this world shortly in the same year. \n When Rasool Allah\u2019s -saww dear wife and loving uncle -asws, who had been supporting and protecting him -saww from non-believers of Makkah, left the world, so it became very difficult for the Prophet -saww to live in Makkah. He -saww became extremely sad and prayed to Allah -azwj. Allah -azwj then Sent him -saww the Message to \u2018leave the town, the town of the unjust people\u2019; after Abu Talib -asws, there was no one in Makkah to support him -saww. This is why he -saww was Commanded to migrate to Medina. Events after the migration to Medina are referred to as \u2018after hijra, AH\u2019 and before this event, historians refer to an event as \u2018before hijra, BH\u2019 or in accordance with the Year of Elephant. \n Rasool Allah (Prophet Mohammed -saww ), as a Prophet, remained in Makkah for 13 years after receiving Divine Commands (through Angel Jibraeel -as to announce his -saww Prophet-hood) as the Rasool Allah -saww. Thereafter, he -saww moved to Medina where he -saww lived for ten years. Prophet Mohammed -saww left this world, succumbing to the poisoned, on the 28 th of Safar, at the age of 63 years. [8] \n The remainder of the article, archives a brief timeline of the some of the most significant events in Islam. \n Da’wat dhi ‘l-‘ash\u00edra (Feast of the Clan): Year 9 of Elephant (6 Before Hijra) [9] \n When the Verse of the Holy Quran \u2018 And warn your nearest relations \u2019 (26:214) was revealed, Rasool Allah -saww organised a feast which is known as “the Feast of the Clan” ( Da’wat dhi ‘l-‘ash\u00edra ). This is the first time that Rasool Allah -saww openly and publicly called the relatives to accept him -saww as the Messenger and Prophet of Allah -azwj. It is also the same feast in which Rasool Allah -saww declared \u2018Ali -asws Ibn Abi Talib -asws very clearly, and very explicitly as his -saww successor and caliph, e.g., a Hadith on Da’wat dhi ‘l-‘ash\u00edra, \n The narrator of the Hadith says: \n Imam Ali -asws Bin Abu Talib -asws said: \u2018When this Verse was Revealed [26:214] And warn your nearest relations, Rasool-Allah -saww called me -asws and said: \u201c\u2018O Ali -asws! Allah -azwj has Commanded me -saww that I -saww should warn my -saww near relatives. But I -saww have been patient after recognising their unwillingness to accept it (the religion of Allah -azwj ).\u00a0 So I -saww remained silent until Jibraeel -as came to me -saww and said: \u2018O Mohammed -saww! Do what you -saww have been asked for.\u2019 So (Ya Ali -asws ) make for us a Sa\u2019a (a unit of measurement) of food, and place upon it a leg of lamb, and fill for us a cup of milk, and gather for me -saww the Clan of Abdul Muttalib -asws and I -saww will let them know and deliver to them what I -saww have been Commanded to.\u201d \n \u2018So, I -asws did what I -asws had been ordered with. Then I -asws invited them to Rasool Allah -saww. There were, in those days, forty of them. Among them were his -saww uncles Abu Talib -asws, and Hamza -asws, and Al-Abbas, and Abu Lahab -la. When they gathered to Rasool Allah -saww, he -saww called for the food which I -asws had prepared for them. So, I -asws came up with it. When I -asws had placed it, Rasool-Allah -saww took a part of the meat, and tore it and then placed it by the side of the platter. Then Rasool Allah -saww said: \u2018Eat in the Name of Allah -azwj!\u2019 So, the people ate until they had no (further) need of it. And I -asws say it by Allah -azwj in whose Hand is the soul of Ali -asws, if one man from them were to eat (under normal conditions) he would finish it (the whole of the food) without feeling anything has reached his stomach. Then Rasool Allah -saww said: “quench the people\u201d. So, I -asws came to them with that cup (of milk). They drank from it until they had all been thoroughly quenched. \n \u2018When Rasool-Allah -saww intended to speak to them, Abu Lahab -la interrupted the speech. He \u2011la said, \u201cYou are all destroyed by what has enchanted you, by this sorcery of your companion \u2011saww \u201d (Nouzobillah [10] ). So, the people dispersed and the Prophet -saww did not get to speak to them. On the next day, Rasool Allah -saww said: \u201cO Ali -asws! This man preceded me -saww to what my -saww people were to hear from me -saww. So, the people dispersed before I -saww could speak to them. Therefore, prepare for us, from the food, the like of what you -asws did. Then gather them to me -saww \u201d. I -asws did it. Then I -asws gathered them to him -saww and he -saww called for the food. I -asws brought it near to them and they did what they had done the day before, and ate until there was nothing more that they needed. Then he -saww said: “quench them\u201d. I \u2011asws came up to them with that cup (of milk). They drank until all of them were thoroughly quenched from it. \n \u2018Then Rasool-Allah -saww spoke. He -saww said: \u201cO Clan of Abdul Muttalib -asws! By Allah -azwj! I -saww do not know of any youth among the Arabs who has come to his people with anything better than what I -saww have come to you all with. I -saww have come to you with the good of the world and the Hereafter. And Allah -azwj has Commanded me that I -saww should invite you. So, which one of you would (like to) be my -saww Vizier, so that he would become my -saww brother, and my -saww successor, and my -saww Caliph among you?\u201d \n \u2018So, the people declined from it, altogether. I -asws (Imam Ali -asws ) said: \u201cAnd I -asws am younger than them in age, and kinder than them in eyes, and weaker than them (in presence). I -asws, Ya Rasool Allah -saww would become your -saww Vizier.\u201d So Rasool Allah -saww took me -asws and said: \u201cthis is my -saww brother -asws, and my -saww successor -asws, and my -saww Caliph among you, therefore listen to him -asws and obey.\u201d\u2019 \n So, the people got up and they were laughing and saying to Syed Abu Talib -asws, that the Prophet -saww had ordered him to listen to Imam Ali -asws and therefore obey his own son. [11] \n Shiab-e-Abi Talib -asws (Valley of Abu Talib -asws ): Year 5-1 B.H. [12] \n This is the valley of Syed Abu Talib -asws (Shiab-e-Abi Talib -asws ), where the members of Banu Hashim were forced to take refuge from the infidels of Makkah and lived there during a painful social boycott for three years. \n When Islam began to spread, the Makkahns asked Abu Talib -asws, the uncle and protector of the Prophet -saww, to hand the Prophet -saww over to them for execution, but Abu Talib -asws steadfastly refused. Abu Talib -asws immediately called on the members of Banu Hashim to meet at the Ka\u2019bah (the House of Allah -azwj ) and convinced them to pledge that they would protect, at any cost, Mohammed -saww Ibn Abd Allah (Rasool Allah -saww ). \n The Quraysh held a meeting and decided to outcast the Banu Hashim by placing them under a total social boycott.\u00a0 The conditions of the agreement were, the other clans from the Quraysh would neither marry their daughters, nor buy nor sell to them, nor keep company with them, nor would they accept any peace offer from them until they handed over the Prophet -saww to them. Once, all the people present had agreed with the points mentioned above, they put this pact in writing. The Quraysh chiefs signed this document and the parchment was secured inside the Ka\u2019bah (the House of Allah -azwj ). \n At this point, Abu Talib -asws gathered the forty members of the Bani Hashim clan and took them to \u2018Shiab-e-Abi Talib -asws \u2019 in order to protect the life of the Holy Prophet -saww. Syed Abu Talib -asws closed down all sides of the \u2018Shiab-e-Abi Talib -asws \u2019 and started protecting Rasool Allah -saww day and night. Abu Talib -asws, would un-shield his -asws sword during night and walk around the valley for the security of Rasool Allah -saww, though he -asws would not settle on that. He -asws would also change the sleeping place of Rasool Allah -saww several times during the night and would usually move his son Ali -asws Ibn Abi Talib -asws at the place of Rasool Allah -saww.\u00a0 This was so that if all security measures in place were to be overcome by the Quraysh and if they were to succeed in making their way in, they would still strike Ali -asws, his -asws son -asws rather than Rasool Allah -saww, who they could have found, somehow, sleeping there during the early part of the night. \n The boycott was devastating for the Bani Hashim and for many months they lived in hardship. It was so rigorously applied that the food had become scarce and they had to eat the leaves of trees. The women, and more specially the children and suckling babies would cry with hunger which could be heard all over the valley. The Quraysh told the merchants not to sell any goods to them. Prices were increased to prevent them from buying even essentials. They remained in that state for three years. Occasionally, Imam Ali -asws would break the barricades of Quraysh and bring in some food and essentials for the family members. Despite such grim circumstances, Rasool Allah -saww never ceased inviting non-Muslims to Islam. Rasool Allah -saww particularly invited non-Muslims who would come to Makkah during the time of Hajj. It was at this time that Rasool Allah -saww would speak to tribes that had travelled to Makkah from all over the Arab world. \n When three years had passed and Quraysh continued to implement the social boycott of the Abu Talib -asws and Bani Hashim, Allah -azwj got their signed parchment, which they had hidden in the Kabah, to be eaten up by a termite.\u00a0 It ate all writing on the parchment except for the Name of Allah -azwj, which remained intact.\u00a0 Allah -azwj Sent down Angel Jibraeel -as who informed this to Rasool Allah -saww to inform Abu Talib -asws that he -asws should go to the Kabah. \n Abu Talib -asws went to the Kabah and found the presence of some of the notable members of the Quraysh therein. They were afraid of Abu Talib -asws due to his -asws unexpected arrival there and they all stood up out of respect. \n They asked for the reason of the Abu Talib -asws coming to the Kabah, and Abu Talib -asws informed them what Allah -azwj had Done to their signed parchment, and they should stop their unjust and cruel social boycott or else await Allah -azwj \u2019s wrath.\u00a0 After much infighting among them and consultation, they decided to end their social boycott.\u00a0 Later, in the same year, staunch supporter and protecter Abu Talib -asws and caring and comforting wife of Rasool Allah \u2011saww were called back by Allah -azwj, and they -asws met their martyrdom owing to three years\u2019 malnutrition and hardship deteriorating their -asws health.\u00a0 Prophet -saww declared the year as the Year of Sorrow.\u00a0 At that Rasool Allah -saww was asked (by Allah -azwj ) to migrate from Makkah as he -saww had lost his -saww support. [13] \u00a0 This marked the commencement of the Hijri (Migration) \u2013the Start of Islamic Calendar (A.H.). \n Islamic year started when Rasool Allah -saww immigrated to Madinah from Makkah, which approximately equates to 622 CE in the Gregorian calendar. Islamic Year refers to Hijra or A.H. (After Hijra). All the years referred in the following events are Hijra. \n Migration from Makkah to Madinah \u2013 Year 1 \n When the Quraysh had become very annoyed with the preaching of Rasool Allah -saww and the success of Islam in Makkah, they decided to collectively attack Rasool Allah -saww on one night.\u00a0 They picked one person from each tribe in order to have the presence and contribution of each tribe in the killing of Rasool Allah -saww while asleep.\u00a0 They started gathering during the earlier part of the night and sealed all possible ways out of Rasool Allah -saww \u2019s house. \n Allah -azwj Asked Rasool Allah -saww to leave his -saww house immediately and migrate to Madinah (350 kilometres North of Makkah), by entrusting the deposits of the people with his cousin Ali -asws Ibn Abu Talib -asws, who would join him -saww later, after returning the deposits of people, who used to entrust their valuables to Rasool Allah -saww for safekeeping.\u00a0 Rasool Allah -saww miraculously made his -saww way out through the rows of Quraysh, without them realising him \u2011saww going out in the midst of their well-planned surveillance. \n The narrator of the Hadith says regarding the explanation of the exit of the Prophet -saww from his -saww house towards the cave (on his -saww way to Madinah), that Rasool-Allah -saww asked that Imam Ali -asws should sleep on his -saww bed instead. Rasool Allah -saww said to Ali -asws Bin Abu Talib -asws: \u2018Ransom me -saww with your -asws self.\u2019 Ali -asws said: \u2018Yes, Rasool-Allah -saww.\u2019 He -saww said: \u2018O Ali -asws, sleep on my -saww bed and cover up (yourself -asws ) with my -saww blanket.\u2019 Ali -asws slept on the bed of Rasool-Allah -saww and covered up with his -saww blanket (so that the Quraysh would think Rasool Allah -saww is resting in his -saww bed). (Allah -azwj Sent) Jibraeel -as to Hold Rasool-Allah -saww \u2019s hand, take him -saww out from the Quraysh whilst they were asleep and he (Jibraeel -as ) was reciting to him -saww And We have made in front of them a barrier and a barrier behind them, so We have Covered them over, so they are not seeing [36:9]. [14] \n The narrator says in another Hadith: \n It is narrated: \u201cOn the (emigration) night (of Rasool Allah -saww ), when Imam Ali -asws slept in the bed of Rasool Allah -saww, Allah -azwj Revealed to Jibraeel -as and Mikaeel -as that I -azwj have made you brothers of each other. And one of you is given a longer life than the other. Which one of you will give (the extra years of) his life to the other? They did not agree upon giving away part of their lives (to the other one who was given lesser life-span). \n At that Allah -azwj Revealed to them: \u201cWhy can\u2019t you be like Ali -asws Ibn Abi Talib -asws? I -azwj Made him -asws the brother of Mohammed -saww and he -asws (is prepared to sacrifice his -asws life to protect the life of his -asws brother -saww ) and Ali -asws is sleeping in his -asws (brother\u2019s) bed after dedicating his -asws life to him -asws. So go to the earth and protect Ali -asws from (the attackers of) his -asws (brother). So they -as came down and Jibraeel -as sat at Ali -asws \u2019s head side and Mikaeel -as sat at his -asws feet side and said: \u201cGlad Tidings for you -asws, O son of Abu Talib -asws, who can be like you -asws? That Almighty Allah -azwj Boasts about you -asws to the angels -as.\u201d \n The narrator says that Rasool Allah -saww said: \n \u2018The next morning after I -saww was in the cave (on my -saww way to Madinah), Jibraeel -as came to me -saww overjoyed, and I -saww asked him -as about his -as happiness, Jibraeel -as replied; \u201cWhy should I -as not be happy when the Almighty Allah -azwj Honoured your -saww brother -asws, successor -asws and the Imam -asws of the Umma last night, and Allah -azwj was so Proud of him \u2011asws and He -azwj Said: \u201cO angels -as, Look at My -azwj Proof -asws, how he -asws is risking his -asws life for the Prophet -saww. \u00a0 [15] \n Imam Hassan Al-Askari -asws (the 11 th Imam) said that Ali -asws Bin Al-Hussain -asws said: ‘When Allah -azwj Sent Mohammed -saww in Makkah and Manifested his -saww call, and advertised his -saww words, and faulted the idol worshipping religions, they came after him -saww to hurt Mohammed -saww and the rest of his -saww companions, and Mohammed -saww had to leave Makkah and go to Madinah. \n He -saww turned back to face Makkah and said: ‘Allah -azwj Knows that I -saww love you (O City of Makkah). Had your inhabitants not forced me -saww to go out, I -saww would not have given priority to another city over you, nor changed you for another one, and I -saww feel sad and grieved’. \n Allah -azwj Revealed unto him -saww: ‘O Mohammed -saww! The Most High -azwj Sends Greetings to you -saww and Says, ‘I -azwj Shall Return you -saww to this city victorious, unscathed, powerful, compelling’. And that is the Words of the High “ Most surely He Who has made the Quran binding on you will bring you back to the destination ” \u2013 28:85 meaning to Makkah victorious and a winner, and Rasool Allah -saww informed that to his -saww companions. However, the Makkahns laughed when they heard about this’. [16] \n Prophet -saww Waited for Imam Ali -asws before Entering Madinah: \u2013 Year 1 \n Rasool Allah -saww waited for Imam Ali -asws outside Madinah. Imam Ali -asws joined him -saww together with the other members of their -asws family, including the mother -asws of Imam Ali \u2011asws and the daughter -asws of Rasool Allah -saww. Then they -asws all entered together in the city of Madinah. \n The narrator of the Hadith says I asked Imam Ali -asws Ibn Hussain -asws (the 4 th Imam -asws ) about (Imam Ali -asws \u2019s to Migration to Madinah): \n (The 4 th Imam -asws said) \u2018When Rasool Allah -saww migrated to Madinah, and left Imam Ali -asws behind, he -saww journeyed to Madinah over twelve nights from the Month of Rabbi ul-Awwal with the setting of the sun. \n \u2018And Rasool Allah -saww stayed at (the house of) Amro Bin Awf for about ten days. They were saying to him -saww, \u2018Stay with us, so we will build for you -saww a house and a Masjid\u2019. So Rasool Allah -saww said; \u2018No. I -saww am awaiting (my -saww brother) Ali -asws Bin Abu Talib -asws, and have asked him -asws to meet me -saww, and I -saww will not settle in a house until (my -saww brother) Ali \u2011asws comes, and he -asws will not be long, Allah -azwj Willing.\u2019 So, Imam Ali -asws came to the Prophet -saww at the house of Amro Bin Awf and stayed with him -saww. \n \u2018When Imam Ali -asws arrived, Rasool Allah -saww, transferred from Quba to the Clan of Saalim Bin Awf, and Imam Ali -asws was with him -saww, on the Day of Friday at sunrise. So, they drew a boundary for him -saww for a Masjid, and established its Qiblah (direction of Prayer). Rasool Allah -saww Prayed with them the Friday Prayer of two cycles, and preached them two sermons. Then Rasool Allah -saww went to Madinah upon a she-camel, and Imam Ali -asws was with him \u2011saww. \n \u2018Rasool Allah -saww had freed the camel\u2019s reins until it ended up at the place which you see\u2019, and the fourth Imam -asws gestured by his -asws hands to the door of the Masjid of Rasool Allah \u2011saww. The Imam -asws said: \u2018So it paused at it and knelt, and placed itself upon the ground. So, Rasool Allah -saww descended, and Abu Ayub welcomed him -saww and carried his -saww saddle bag and made him -saww to enter his house. And Rasool Allah -saww and Imam Ali -asws stayed with him until they built for him -saww, his -saww Masjid, and built for him -saww his -saww house, and a house for Imam Ali -asws. So, both of them -asws transferred to their -asws houses\u2019. \n So, Saeed Bin Al-Musayyab (the narrator) said to Ali -asws Bin Al-Hussain -asws, \u2018May I be sacrificed for you -asws, Abu Bakr was with Rasool Allah -saww when he -saww arrived at Madinah. So, when did he separate from Rasool Allah -saww?\u2019 So, the Imam -asws replied: \u2018Abu Bakr was with him \u2011saww when Rasool Allah -saww proceeded to Quba, and he -saww decided to wait for Imam Ali -asws. Abu Bakr said to him -saww, \u2018Come with us to Madinah, for the people would rejoice at your -saww arrival there and are eager to welcome you -saww. Come with us and do not stay over here waiting for (your -saww brother) Ali -asws, from what I can see, it would take him -asws a month to come to you -saww. So Rasool Allah -saww said to him: \u2018Never! He -asws will not be long, and I -saww will not move until my -saww cousin -asws, and my -saww brother -asws for the sake of Allah -azwj, and the most beloved to me -saww of my -saww Family comes over, for he -asws saved me -saww from the Polytheists by being in my -saww place\u2019. \n The Imam -asws said; \u2018So Abu Bakr became angry and was disgusted by it, and felt envious of Imam Ali -asws, and that was the first enmity initiated from him to Rasool Allah -saww with regards to Imam Ali -asws, and the first of his opposition to Rasool Allah -saww. So, he went until he entered Madinah, and left behind Rasool Allah -saww at Quba waiting for Imam Ali -asws \u2019. (Hadith continues) \n Nikah of Syeda -asws with Ali -asws and Increase in Prayer: Year 1 \n (The narrator) said, \u2018I said to Imam Ali -asws Bin Al-Hussain -asws, \u2018So when did the Messenger -saww get Syeda Fatima -asws married to Imam Ali -asws?\u2019 He -asws said: \u2018In Madinah, a year after the Migration, and Syeda -asws was in her -asws ninth year \u2019. \n So, I (the narrator) said to the fourth Imam -asws, \u2018when was the Salat became Obligatory upon the Muslims in the form that they are Praying today?\u2019 He -asws said: \u2018At Madinah when the Call was made apparent, and Al-Islam was strong, and Allah -azwj Decreed Jihad upon the Muslims, and Rasool Allah -saww increased in the Prayer, seven cycles \u2013 two cycles in Al-Zohr, and two cycles in Al-Asr, and one cycle in Al-Maghrib, and two cycles in Al-Isha, and accepted Al-Fajr upon what it had been Obligated in order to expedite the descent of the Angels of the day from the sky and to expedite that rising of the Angels of the night to the sky. And the Angels of the night and the Angels of the day had been testifying with Rasool Allah -saww for Al-Fajr Prayer, so that is the Statement of Allah -azwj: \u201c[17:78] (the recital of) the Qur’an at dawn. Lo! (the recital of) the Qur’an at dawn is witnessed\u201d, witnessed by the Muslims and witnessed by the Angels of the day and Angels of the night\u2019. [17] \n Change of the Qibla Direction: \u2013 Year 2 \n Imam Hassan Al-Askari -asws (11 th Shia Imam) said: ‘And that when Rasool Allah -saww used to be in Makkah, Allah \u2011azwj Ordered him -saww to face towards the Bayt Al-Maqdis during his -saww Prayers, and make the Kabah to be in between if possible, and if it is not possible then only towards the direction of Bayt Al-Maqdis as before. And Rasool Allah -saww did that for a long duration of thirteen years. \n \u2018And when he -saww was in Madinah, he -saww used to face towards Bayt Al-Maqdis and not towards the Kabah for seventeen months. A group of stubborn Jews came and said: ‘By Allah \u2011azwj! Mohammed -saww does not know how to Pray to the extent that he -saww faces towards our direction and he -saww has adopted our ways and customs in his -saww Prayers’. Jibraeel -as came over and Rasool Allah -saww said to him: ‘O Jibraeel -as! It would be good if Allah -azwj were to change the direction from Bayt Al-Maqdis to the Kabah, for I -saww have been hurt by the talks of the Jews regarding the direction’. Jibraeel -as said: ‘Peace be on you -saww! Ask your -saww Lord -azwj, for He -azwj will never reject anything that you -saww ask for and will never keep you -saww away from your -saww desire’. \n When his -saww supplication was completed, Jibraeel -as flew up into the sky and then came down within a moment and said: ‘Read, O Mohammed -saww! “ Indeed We see the turning of your face to heaven, so We shall surely turn you to a qibla which you shall like; turn then your face towards the Sacred Masjid, and wherever you are, turn your face towards it ” (2:144). The Jews said with regards to that “What has turned them from their qibla which they had? \u2013 (2:142) Allah -azwj Answered them beautifully by Saying: “Say: The East and the West belong only to Allah” \u2013 2:142 and He -azwj is the Owner of them and Placing on you the effort to turn in one direction is like Placing on you the effort of turning towards another direction “He guides whom He likes to the right path \u2013 2:142 and it is for your betterment, and the obedience to this will take them towards the Blissful Gardens (an extract). [18] \n Battle of Badr \u2013 Year 2 \n And the day of Badar was on the day of Friday of the seventeenth night of the Month of Ramazan of the year two from the Hijra, at the beginning of the eighteenth month (after Hijra), and it is said it was the 19th of the Month of Ramazan, and that has been reported from Abu Abdullah -asws. [19] \n The narrator of the Hadith says that Imam Hassan Askari -asws (11 th Imam -asws ) said: \n Abu Jahl -la sent his messenger to Prophet Mohammed -saww and, he approached him -saww threateningly and said: ‘O Mohammed -saww! This madness (nouzobillah) which you -saww have in your -saww head has made your -saww life in Makkah very difficult and has made you -saww reach Yathrab (Madinah), and they (Quraysh) will not ease off from you -saww until you -saww review your -saww affairs. \n This message was given to Prophet Mohammed -saww when he -saww was living on the outskirts of Madinah, and there were present with him -saww a group of his -saww companions, and the generality of the infidels and some Jews from the Children of Israel, and this was what the messenger (of Abu Jahl -la ) had been ordered to do, to present this message, to set aside the believers so that the rest of the unbelievers would attack them. Rasool-Allah -saww said to the messenger: ‘Have you finished your message?’ He said ‘Yes’. \n He -saww said: ‘Listen to the: Abu Jahl -la threatens me -saww with difficulties and destruction, and the Lord -azwj of the worlds Promises me -saww Help and victory, and the News of Allah -azwj is True, and I -saww accept what is from Allah -azwj as Right. Mohammed -saww has no fear of anyone’s desertion or anger when he -saww has the Help of Allah -azwj the Almighty Who will Grant him \u2011saww Preference by His -azwj Grace and Honour’. \n ‘Say to him -la: O Abu Jahl -la! You have sent to me -saww a message which Satan -la has inspired you -la with and I -saww am answering you -la with what Allah -azwj has Inspired me -saww with \u2013 The battle between us and you -la will be after twenty nine days from now, and Allah -azwj will Have you -la killed by a weak companion of mine -saww, and you will bring with you Otbah, and Sheyba, and Waleed, and such and such’ \u2013 Rasool-Allah -saww mentioned a number of the Quraysh people \u2013 ‘in the centre of Badar. Seventy of you will be killed, and seventy of you will be taken as prisoners, who will bear a heavy and great (war) penalty’. \n Then Rasool-Allah -saww called out to those who were present from the believers, the Jews, the Christians and others: ‘Would you like to see the death place of each one of these?’ They said: ‘Yes’. Rasool-Allah -saww said: ‘Let us go to Badar, for over there is where the armies will meet and the battle will be, and over there will be the great affliction. I -saww will place my -saww feet on those places where they will die, then you will see that there will be no difference in that, neither more nor less from these spots’ (when the battle is finished). So, none of them who had agreed wanted to go there (to witness) except Imam Ali -asws Bin Abu Talib -asws alone, and Imam Ali -asws said: ‘Yes, in the Name of Allah -azwj ‘. The rest of them said: ‘We need provisions and expenses for this, and it is not possible to return from there, for it is a journey of days’. \n Rasool-Allah -saww said to the rest of the Jews: ‘What have you got to say?’ They said: ‘We want to settle down in our homes, and have no need to witness what you -saww claim for your -saww enemies’. Rasool-Allah -saww said: ‘I -saww do not want to give you the difficulty of walking up to there. Take one step, and Allah -azwj will Fold the earth in such a way for you that by your second step you will be over there’. \n The believers said: ‘Rasool-Allah -saww speaks the truth; we will be honoured by these Signs’. And the infidels and the hypocrites said: ‘We will all examine this lie and cut off the excuse of Prophet Mohammed -saww, and let this claim of his -saww be a proof over him -saww, and the exposure of his -saww lie.’ \n The Holy Imam Hassan Al-Askari -asws said: ‘The people took one step, then another, and found themselves by the well of Badar’. Rasool-Allah -saww went and said: ‘Make the well as a reference. And at a certain distance from it he -saww said: ‘This is the death place of Abu Jahl -la, and a certain man of the Helpers will wound him -la and an elderly companion of mine -saww will kill him -la ‘. \n Then the Holy Imam Hassan Al-Askari -asws said: ‘Rasool Allah -saww measured from this well in another direction, then another, then another, such and such a distance, and mentioned different distances. When all the counting and measuring had completed, Rasool Allah -saww said: ‘This is the death place of Otbah, and that is the death place of Sheyba, and that is the death place of Waleed, and they will be killed by such and such’ \u2013 until he -saww had named all seventy of them with their names \u2013 ‘and such and such will be made captive’ \u2013 until he -saww had named seventy of them with their names and their fathers names and their characteristics, and detailed their lineage from their fathers, and the lineage of their friends as well’. \n Then Rasool Allah -saww said: ‘Are you all aware now of what I -saww have informed you of?’ They said: ‘Yes’. He -saww said: ‘This is the truth which will transpire after twenty-eight days from now, on the twenty ninth day. The Promise of Allah -azwj is Destined to happen and is a must’. Then Rasool Allah -saww said: ‘O group of Muslims and Jews, write down what you have just heard’. They said: ‘O Rasool Allah -saww, we have heard and our minds will not forget’. \n Rasool Allah -saww said: ‘Writing is preferable and a remembrance for you ‘. They said: ‘O Rasool Allah -saww! And where is the ink and paper?’ Rasool Allah -saww said: ‘That is for the Angels’. Then he -saww said: ‘O Angels of my -saww Lord -azwj! Write down what you have heard from this story on paper, and place a copy of this in the sleeves of each and every one of them’. \n Then Rasool Allah -saww said: O Group of Muslims! Shake your sleeves and take out what is in them and read from it’. Each one of them look into their sleeves and found a parchment, read it, and found mentioned in it what Rasool Allah -saww had said correctly, not more and not less and not ahead of it nor left anything behind from it. Then Rasool Allah -saww said: ‘Put them back in your sleeves for these are proofs over you, and a matter of honour for the believers from among you and argumentative proof over the infidels’. These remained with them. \n When the day of Badar came, the events all transpired in accordance with what Rasool Allah \u2011saww had said would happen, not more and not less, and it was exactly as had been written down by the Angels, not more and not less. The Muslims accepted the apparent acceptance of the Jews and left their hidden beliefs to their Creator -azwj. \n The narrator of the Hadith says: \u2018When the Cavalry lined up on the Day of Badar, Abu Jahl -la raised his hands and said, \u2018O our gods! We have severed our ties (of kinship), and they have come against us those whom we do not recognise (anymore), so let the punishment befall. So, Allah -azwj Revealed [70:1] A questioner, asked for the Punishment to befall \u2019. [20] \n Abu Ja\u2019far -asws having said: \u2018On the Day of Badar, Iblees -la used to belittle the Muslims in the eyes of the infidels, and magnify the infidels in the eyes of the Muslims. So Jibraeel -as pulled the sword against him -la and Iblees -la fled from him -as, saying, \u2018O Jibraeel -as, I -la have been Granted a term, I -la have been Granted a term\u2019, until he -la ended up in the sea\u2019. Zurara (the narrator) said, \u2018So I said to Abu Ja\u2019far -asws, \u2018What was it that he -la was afraid of since he -la had been Granted a specific term?\u2019 He -asws said: \u2018Some parts of his -la sides to be cut off\u2019. [21] \n For additional details, see for example: https:\/\/www.hubeali.com\/article\/battle-of-badar\/ \n Ahl Al-Bayt -asws were Blessed with Al-Hassan -asws Ibn Ali -asws: Year 2 \n It is narrated that Imam AI-Hassan -asws was blessed to Imam Ali -asws and Syeda -asws in the month of Ramadan (15 th ) in the year that the battle of Badr took place, the second year after Hijra. Imam Hassan -asws was martyred (through poison) in the end of the month of Safar (28 th Safar) in the year forty-nine (49) (A.H). Imam Hassan -asws lived for forty-seven (47) years and a few months. His -asws mother was Syeda Fatimah -asws, daughter of the Rasool Allah. [22] \n See for example: https:\/\/www.hubeali.com\/article\/ahlul-bayt-asws\/imam-al-hassan-asws-ibn-ali-asws\/ \n Battle of Uhud: Year 3 \n Abu Sufyan mobilised the Quraysh again (in 3 A.H.) after the defeat at Badr where they had met with heavy losses, along with some of their leading members had been killed including Abu Jahl, Utba, Shaiba, Walid, Umayya bin Khalaf, and Hanzala bin Abu Sufyan. After the death of Abu Jahl, the leadership of the Makkahns had passed on to Abu Sufyan. [23] \n See for example: https:\/\/www.hubeali.com\/article\/battle-of-uhud\/ \n Ahl Al-Bayt -asws were Blessed with Al-Hussain -asws Ibn Ali -asws: Year 3 \n Amir Al-Momineen Ali -asws Ibn Abu Talib -asws and Syeda -asws Binte (daughter of) Rasool Allah \u2011saww were blessed with Imam AI-Hussain -asws in the third year A.H. on the 3 rd of Shaban. Imam Hussain -asws was martyred in the month of Muharram in the year sixty-one (61) A.H. Imam Hussain -asws lived for fifty-seven (57) years and a few months. Ubayd Allah Ibn Ziyad (may he fall in condemnation of Allah -azwj ) murdered him -asws during the Caliphate of Yazid Ibn Mu\u2019awiya (may he fall in condemnation of Allah -azwj ). He was the governor of Kufa. The horsemen who murdered him -asws were led by \u2018Umar Ibn Sa\u2019d (may he fall in condemnation of Allah -azwj ) in the plane of Karbala. It took place on Monday the tenth of the month of Muharrarn. [24] See for example: https:\/\/www.hubeali.com\/article\/ahlul-bayt-asws\/imam-al-hussain-asws-ibn-ali-asws\/ \n Battle of Trench (Khandaq): Year 5 \n After being defeated at Badr and Uhad, the Quraysh of Makkah sought help from the Jews and came forward with a large, allied force to uproot Islam, considering it a major threat to their religious beliefs. Rasool-Allah -asws decided to protect Madinah from the large confederate army by digging a trench around the city.\u00a0 Below are some Ahadith related to the Battle of Khandaq. \n The holy Verse: O you those who believe! Recall the Favour of Allah upon you when the armies came towards you, so We Sent a wind against them and armies you could not see, and Allah was always Seeing what you were doing [33:9] When they came to you from above you and from below you, [33:10] \u2013 the Verse. \u2018It was Revealed regarding the story of the allies from Quraysh and Arabs, those who were allied against Rasool-Allah -saww. And that is when Quraysh gathered in the year five from Al-Hijra and they came to be among the Arabs and gathered them and provoked them for war against Rasool-Allah -saww. So, they raised (an army of) ten thousand, and with them was Kanana, and Saleym, and Fazara. [25] \n Briefly, the Battle of the Trench (Battle of Khandaq, \u063a\u0632\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0646\u062f\u0642) which is also known as the Battle of the Confederates (Battle of Ahzaab, \u063a\u0632\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628) was about a month long defence by the Muslims of Yathrib (now Madinah ) against allied Arab and Jewish tribes. The strength of the confederate armies consisted of over 10,000 soldiers while the Muslim defenders numbered to about a third of them. \n Rasool-Allah -saww decided to dig a trench around Madinah in order to protect the Muslims as the confederates had planned to attack them from multiple directions. \n The digging of the trench was a painstaking and strenuous task that exhausted the Muslims. They were working day and night, digging around Madinah, including going several days without eating any food, i.e., Rasool-Allah -saww was offered a disc of bread by his -saww daughter (Syeda Fatima -asws ) which was the Prophet -saww \u2019s only meal in three days.\u00a0 Similar was the condition of Ali -asws Ibn Abi Talib -asws and the other companions of Rasool-Allah -saww \u2013 except for the hypocrites who fabricated worthless excuses to take leave of absence from the hard work. \n When the enemies of Islam approached, they could not figure out a passage beyond the trench in order to fight against Muslims. After a few days of being unsuccessful in getting any closer to the Muslims, a famous warrior named Amro Bin Abdi Wudd, managed to cross the defensive trench along with a handful of his companions and shouted at the Muslims for duel.\u00a0 The Muslims were in shock and sat as if there were birds sitting upon their heads \u2013 entirely stunned.\u00a0 No one wanted to confront him except Ali -asws Ibn Abi Talib -asws. \u00a0 Rasool-Allah -saww finally sent Ali -asws to answer the call to fight. \n Imam Ali -asws offered for Amro Bin Abdi Wudd to strike first, to which he agreed and hit his sword on the head of Imam Ali -asws, cracking the protective helmet and injuring Imam Ali -asws \u2019s head. Blood started dripping and Imam Ali -asws had a deep wound in the head.\u00a0 In retaliation, Ali -asws struck him with the Zulfiqar which brought Amro down and thus he was killed by the hands of Imam Ali -asws.\u00a0 Eventually, the Muslims saw that Imam Ali -asws coming out as the victorious one out of a thick cloud of dust.\u00a0 Upon observing the killing of Amro, Amro\u2019s companions tried to escape the scene. \n Afterwards, no one dared to cross the trench but kept on surrounding the Muslims for over 20 days, until Allah -azwj Answered Rasool-Allah -saww \u2018s prayers and Sent down a strong wind upon the confederates which blew their tents away and made them to flee.\u00a0 This led to an end to the Battle of Khandaq in favour of the Muslims. For more details, see for example: https:\/\/www.hubeali.com\/article\/battle-of-trench-khandaq\/ \n Hudaybiyya Treaty: Year 6 \n The Treaty of Hudaybiyya (\u0635\u064e\u0644\u064e\u062d \u0671\u0644\u0652\u062d\u064f\u062f\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0628\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629) is an important event in the history of Islam. Rasool-Allah \u2011saww and the Muslims went towards Makkah with the intention of Hajj in 6 A.H. [26] \u00a0 However, the polytheists of Makkah, although in a very weak position and fewer in number, did not allow Rasool-Allah -saww to perform Tawaf of the Kabah. The Muslims, greater in number, were irritated and tried to persuade Rasool-Allah -saww to confront them and enter Makkah.\u00a0 However, the Holy Prophet -saww very wisely decided to sign a treaty in order to save the lives of those Muslims who were still living in Makkah and were weak and unsafe from the harm of the polytheists.\u00a0 The signed treaty was to last 10 years, though apparently its conditions were less favourable to the Muslims, Rasool-Allah -saww knew that soon Islam will triumph as they will falter and the treaty would then become invalid \u2013 which was the case when Makkah fell to the Muslims soon after. \n Abu Abd Allah -asws (our 6 th Imam -asws ) has said; \u2018The Rasool-Allah -saww marched (with his -saww companions) towards Al- Hudaybiyya during the Month of Zeeqad (11 th Islamic month). When the Rasool Allah -saww ended up at the place in which Ihram (for Hajj) had to be worn, they did so and they wore their weapons as well. When this news reached the \u2018 Mushriqeen \u2019, they sent Khalid Bin Waleed to Rasool Allah -saww to block his -saww way. So, the Rasool Allah -saww adopted a different route and the caravan ended up at Al-Uqba. \n There were 1800 Muslims. When they descended to Al- Hudaybiyya, there was a woman who had her son with her. Out of fear, her son ran away. When she established that it was the Rasool Allah -saww, she screamed, \u2018These are kind people, there is no reason for you to worry\u2019. The Rasool Allah -saww came up to her and asked her to draw a bucket of water- he -saww drank the water and washed his -saww face. She took the remaining water and returned it back in the well. That well still has water in it even now. \n Rasool Allah -saww came out (to the caravan), and the polytheists ( Mushriqeen) sent two chiefs with some horsemen to him -saww. They saw the animals being prepared for sacrifice (for after Hajj). They did not face Rasool Allah -saww but returned and told Abu Sufyan of the Mushriqeen \u2018By Allah -azwj, it is not how we wanted, but the Muslims will be allowed to perform Hajj.\u00a0 Abu Sufyan said, \u2018Keep quiet until we talk to Mohammed -saww \u2019. \n So, they sent Urwat Bin Masoud to him -saww and he said, \u2018O Mohammed -saww, why have you \u2011saww come?\u2019 He -saww said: \u2018I -saww have come to perform the Tawaf of the House (Kabah), and to perform Sa\u2019ee between Al-Safa and Al-Marwa, and to sacrifice this camel and leave its meat for you\u2019. \n He said, \u2018I swear by al-laat and al-uzza [27], a person like you -saww should not be sent back from what he has come for. So, he returned to Abu Sufyan and his companions and said \u2018No, by Allah -azwj, a person like Mohammed -saww should not be turned back from what he has come for\u2019. \n Then the Mushriqeen sent Suhail Bin Amro and Huweytab Bin Abdul Uzza to him -saww. Rasool Allah -saww commanded for the sacrificial animals to be spread out in front of their eyes. He said, \u2018Why have you -saww come here?\u2019 He -saww said: \u2018For Tawaf of the House, and the Sa\u2019ee between Al-Safa and Al-Marwa, and to sacrifice the animals and leave their meat for you\u2019. (They said) by doing so you will enter into our city without our permission and make enemies!\u2019 Rasool Allah -saww refused those two. Rasool Allah -saww then sent Usman Bin Affan to talk to them and get permission to enter (Makkah). But Usman went and returned (without any success). \n (At that), to avoid conflict, the Rasool Allah -saww decided to establish an agreement with the Mushriqeen through a treaty. He -saww said to Ali -asws: \u2018Write \u2013 In the Name of Allah -azwj, the Beneficent, the Merciful\u2019. Suhail (of the Mushriqeen ) said, \u2018I don\u2019t know what the Beneficent, the Merciful is, we do not say that, write like us and say \u2018By Your -azwj Name, our Allah -azwj \u2019. He \u2011saww (Rasool Allah -saww ) said; \u2018And write\u2013 This has been agreed upon by the Rasool Allah \u2011saww and Suhail Bin Amro\u2019. But Suhail said, \u2018What are we fighting you -saww for, O Mohammed -saww? We do not believe you -saww to be the Rasool Allah -saww \u2019 So he -saww said; \u2018I -saww am the Rasool of Allah -azwj and I -saww am Mohammed bin Abd Allah -saww \u2019. The Muslims said: \u2018You -saww are Rasool-Allah -saww \u2019 but Suhail said, \u2018Write Mohammed Bin AbdAllah -saww \u2019 \n The agreement stated that \u2018If one of us (the Mushriqeen of Makkah) goes to you, he must be returned back to us and the Rasool Allah -saww must not keep him (even if he becomes a Muslim). But if one of you (one of the Rasool-Allah -saww \u2019s people) comes to us, he will not be returned back to you\u2019. Rasool Allah -saww was patient and accepted this, but added; \u2018However, they should be allowed to worship Allah -azwj among you openly, not in secret, and be allowed to exchange gifts between Madinah to Makkah. [28] \n As part of the treaty, they could not perform a pilgrimage that year but could return next year for three days and perform a pilgrimage. For further details, see for example: https:\/\/www.hubeali.com\/article\/hudaybiyya-treaty\/ \n Battle of Khaybar: Year 7 \n Khyber \u00a0( Arabic: \u062e\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0631) is a fertile land situated some 153 kilometres north of the city of Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Prior to the rise of Islam in the 7th century, the area had been inhabited by Arabian Jewish tribes.\u00a0 The Battle of Khyber took place in 7 Hijri. \n (From the book \u2018Al-Manaqib\u2019 of Ibn Shehr Ashub) \u2013 \u2018Khyber was conquered during Al-Muharram of the year seven (7 A.H.) and when the people saw the deed of Ali -asws (uprooting the door of the Fort of Khyber and killing Marhab), Ibn Abu Al-Huqeyq said to the Prophet \u2011saww: \u2018Descend so I can speak to you -saww \u2019. He -saww said: \u2018Yes\u2019. He -saww descended and the Prophet \u2011saww reconciled with them, saving the blood of the ones in the fortresses and allowing them out with one set of clothes. [29] See for example: https:\/\/www.hubeali.com\/article\/battle-of-khyber\/ \n Conquest of Makkah: Year 8 \n During the month of Ramadhan of 8 A.H. [30], the Quraysh of Makkah killed the allies of Muslims which violated the treaty of Hudaybiya. [31] As a result, Rasool-Allah -saww marched with 10,000 men on the 10th of the month of Ramadhan and camped a short distance from Makkah. The Makkahns sent a few spies, including Abu Sufyan, to find out the strength of the Muslim army. Upon observing the Muslim army, the Quraysh surrendered and Makkah fell into the hands of Muslims. The Rasool-Allah -saww told his -saww army not to fight until someone attacked and to spare those who run away or stay inside their homes. \n (The book) \u2018Al-Adad Al-Qawiya\u2019 \u2013 During the twentieth day of (the month of) Ramadhan of the year eight from the emigration was the conquest of Makkah\u2019\u2019. [32] See for example: https:\/\/www.hubeali.com\/article\/conquest-of-Makkah\/ \n Battle of Hunayn: Year 8 \n The Battle of Hunayn is mentioned in the Holy Quran in Surah at-Tawbah [9:25-26]. A Bedouin tribe named \u2018Haw\u0101zin\u2019 fought against the Muslims after the Prophet Mohammed -saww conquered Makkah, in a land near T\u0101\u2019if in 8 A.H \u2013 therefore, the battle is also called \u2018the Battle of Haw\u0101zin\u2019. The Muslims were great in number, as Allah -azwj Says: when your great numbers fascinated you but they did not avail you of anything, and the earth was straitened upon you despite its vastness, then you turned back retreating [9:25].\u00a0 However, before the breaking of dawn, the Muslims were attacked without warning by the fighters of Haw\u0101zin.\u00a0 Caught off-guard and fearing for their lives, the majority of the Muslims fled the war zone – all except for eight members of the Bani Hashim -as tribe. \n Ali -asws Ibn Abi Talib -asws along with seven others from the Bani Hashim -as fought persistently and very bravely and repelled the Bedouins.\u00a0 Upon seeing this \u2013 only after these signs of relief – the fugitive Muslims returned to the battlefield. Finally, with the help of Allah -azwj, hundreds of pagans were killed and the rest surrendered. At last, the lost Battle of Hunayn ended as a victory for the Muslims. \n \u2018From Abu Abdullah -asws having said: \u2018There did not pass upon the Prophet -saww any day more difficult upon him -saww than the day of Hunayn, and that is regarding the Arabs\u2019 surprised (attack) upon him -saww \u2019\u2019. [33] See for example: https:\/\/www.hubeali.com\/article\/battle-of-hunayn\/ \n Battle of Motah: Year 8 \n The Battle of Motah (\u0645\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u0624\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0629, or \u063a\u064e\u0632\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u0624\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0629) was a battle or skirmish fought in 8th year of Hijri, near the village of Mu’tah, East of the Jordan River, in Karak, between the Muslim forces and the forces of the Byzantine Empire and their Arab Christian Allies. \n And Abdullah Al-Hameed Bin Abu Al-Hadeed said in the commentary on (the book) \u2018Nahj Al-Balagah\u2019 \u2013 It is reported by Al-Waqidy, from Umar Bin Al-Hakam who said, \u2018Rasool-Allah -saww sent Al-Haris Bin Umar Al-Azdy in the year eight to the king of Busra with a letter. When he descended at Motah, there presented to him Sharhabeel Bin Amro Al-Gasany. He said, \u2018Where are you intending (to go to)?\u2019 He said, \u2018Syria\u2019. He said, \u2018Perhaps (you are) from the messengers of Mohammed -saww \u2019. He said, \u2018Yes\u2019. \n He ordered with him to be bound, then brought him forward and struck off his neck, and no messenger of Rasool-Allah -saww was killed apart from him, and that reached Rasool-Allah -saww, he -saww intensified upon it and called the people and gave them a choice with the killing of Al-Haris. \n Rasool Allah -saww dispatched soldiers to Al-Gasany with instructions; \n Call them to enter into (the fold of) Al-Islam, and if they do so then accept and refrain. Then call them to the transferring from their houses to a house of the emigrants, and if they do so, then inform them that for them is what is for the emigrants and against them is what is against the emigrants, and if they enter into Al-Islam and choose their houses, then inform them that they would become like the Bedouins of the Muslims. The Judgment of Allah -azwj would flow upon them and there would not happen to be for them anything as the war booty and the spoils, except that they will be fighting alongside the Muslims. \n If they refuse, then call them to give the tribute (taxes), so if they do so then accept from them and refrain from them. But if they refuse then seek Assistance with Allah -azwj and fight them; and if you were to besiege the people of a fort or a city and they intend to descend to you upon the Judgment of Allah -azwj, do not let them descend upon the Judgment of Allah -azwj, but descend them upon your decision, for you do not know whether you will hit the correct Judgment of Allah -azwj regarding them or not. [34] See for example: https:\/\/www.hubeali.com\/article\/battle-of-motah\/ \n The Event of Mubahila: Year 9 \n The Christians came to Madinah to argue with the Holy Prophet -saww and insisted that Jesus (Prophet Isa -as ) is the son of God, Allah -azwj Revealed the following Verse: \n Surely the example of Isa with Allah is like the example of Adam; He Created him from dust, then said to him, Be, and he became [3:59]. \n Our 6 th Imam (Abu Abdullah -asws ) says: \u2018The Christians of Najran [35] sent a delegation to Rasool-Allah -saww (for debating). They performed their Prayers by ringing bells, and they Prayed. The companions of Rasool-Allah -saww said, \u2018O Rasool-Allah -saww! This (is being done) in your -saww Masjid?\u2019 So he -saww said: \u2018Leave them.\u2019 \n So, when they were free, they approached Rasool-Allah -saww and said to him -saww, \u2018To what are you -saww inviting us?\u2019 So, he -saww said: \u2018To the testimony that there is no god except for Allah \u2011azwj, and that I -saww am a Rasool -saww of Allah -azwj, and that Isa -as was a Created servant who used to eat and drink\u2019. They asked, \u2018So who was his -as father?\u2019 A Revelation came down unto Rasool-Allah -saww that he -saww should say to them: \u2018What are you all saying regarding Adam -as, who was a Created servant, eating and drinking, and marrying?\u201d So, the Prophet -saww asked them. They said, \u2018Yes\u2019. So, he -saww said: \u2018So who was his -as father?\u2019 They were astonished and remained silent. Thus, Allah -azwj Revealed \u00a0Surely, the example of Isa with Allah is like the example of Adam; He Created him from dust, then said to him, Be, and he became [3:59] up to His -azwj Words \u00a0and make the Curse of Allah to be upon the liars [3:61]. \n Rasool-Allah -saww said: \u2018Therefore imprecate (curse on the liar) with me -saww, so if I -saww was truthful the Curse would descend upon you all, but if I -saww were to be untruthful, then it would descend upon me -saww \u2019. \n In another Hadith, \u2018Abdul Maseeh Bin Abqa went to Rasool-Allah -saww and with him was Al-Aaqib and Qays his brother, and with him was Haris Bin Abdul Maseeh, and they were boys, and with him were forty priests. He said, \u2018O Mohammed -saww! What are you -saww saying regarding the Messiah -as, for by Allah -azwj, we are denying what you -saww are saying\u2019. \n He (the narrator) said, \u2018Allah -azwj the Exalted Revealed to him -saww: \u2018 Surely the example of Isa with Allah is like the example of Adam; He Created him from dust, then said to him, \u201cBe\u201d, so he became [3:59]. He (from the Christians) was amused by what Rasool-Allah -saww said and responded with, \u2018But, he -as is Allah -azwj \u2019. So, Allah -azwj Revealed: So the one who argues with you in this matter after what has come to you from the Knowledge, then say: \u2018Come, let us call [3:61] \u2013 up to the end of the Verse. \n When he -saww heard the mention of the \u2018sons\u2019, he -saww was aggravated with intense anger (against the Christians) and called Al-Hassan -asws and Al-Hussain -asws and Ali -asws and (Syeda) Fatima -asws. He -saww got Al-Hassan -asws to stand on his -saww right, and Al-Hussain -asws on his -saww left, and Ali -asws to his -saww front, and (Syeda) Fatima -asws to his -saww back and he -saww said: \u2018These are our sons and our women and our selves\u2019. They came to him -saww with the restraint. \n The narrator said: (At this point) \u2018Al-Aaqib leapt and said, \u2018I remind you of Allah -azwj if you were to imprecate (curse on the liar) this man -saww! By Allah -azwj, if he -saww was a liar, there is no good in you cursing him -saww, and if he -saww was truthful, a year would not pass by and there would be from you one blowing a fire\u2019. So, they reconciled with him -saww with every reconciliation\u2019\u2019. [36] \n For further details, see for example: https:\/\/www.hubeali.com\/article\/mubahila-imprecation-eid-new\/ \n Battle of Tabuk & Conspiracy to assassinate Prophet -saww at Al-Aqaba: Year 9 \n The Battle of Tabuk was fought in Rajab 9 AH, near the Gulf of Aqaba towards north-west of Madinah (in the opposition direction to Makkah). It was the largest and the last military expedition during the lifetime of Rasool-Allah -saww.\u00a0 In to the planning of the hypocrites to create mayhem in Madinah in the absence of Rasool-Allah -saww, the Prophet -saww decided to leave Ali -asws Ibn Abi Talib -asws as his -saww successor in Madinah. \n And the Prophet -saww descended at Tabuk and stayed there for two months, and what the Prophet -saww had been informed of (from the people) regarding- the sending of Hercules and his companions (to fight against Muslims), and his approaching to near Syria and his determination upon fighting the Prophet -saww and the Muslims – did not happen. (Instead) Hercules [37] sent men from Gasaan to the Prophet -saww to look at his -saww description and his \u2011saww signs and at the redness in his -saww eyes and at the seal of the Prophet-hood and ask that he \u2011saww does not accept the charities. So, he (the reporter) retained (some) things from the attributes of the Prophet -saww. \n Then he left to go to Hercules and mentioned them (these attributes) to him. Hercules called his people to the verification with it, but they refused to him until he scared them upon his kingdom; and he secretly became a Muslim and prohibited them from fighting the Prophet \u2011saww, and the Prophet -saww did not permit to fight him, and returned back to Madinah. [38] \n However, when returning to Madinah, a group of hypocrites tried to kill Rasool-Allah -saww through a narrow mountain passage called \u2018Al-Aqaba\u2019 without succeeding in their heinous attempt. \n During the preparation of Battle of Tabuk, the hypocrites planned to kill Rasool-Allah -saww at Al-Aqaba and Ali -asws Ibn Abi Talib -asws at Madinah, but failed in both places and Allah -azwj Saved them -asws. These events were known as the Battle of Tabuk and Conspiracy of Al-Aqaba. \n In a Hadith, Abu Abdullah -asws says regarding the Words of Allah -azwj: but rather the Satan caused them to lose heart (and flee) due to something what they had earned, [3:155], he \u2011asws said: \u2018They are the companions of Al-Aqaba\u2019\u2019. [39]. [40] See for more details, https:\/\/www.hubeali.com\/article\/battle-of-tabuk-and-conspiracy-of-al-aqaba\/ \n The last Pilgrimage of Rasool Allah -saww: Year 10 \n The farewell Hajj was performed by Rasool Allah -saww in 10 A.H.\u00a0 (The books) \u2018Alaam Al-Wara\u2019 (and) \u2018Al-Irshad\u2019 \u2013 \u2018When Rasool-Allah -saww wanted to head to the Hajj and fulfil the Obligations of Allah -azwj the Exalted during it, he -saww proclaimed among the people with it and his -saww call reached to the outskirts of the cities of Islam. The people prepared for the going out with him -saww and they presented at Al-Madinah from its areas and from around it and a lot of people came near it, and they prepared for the going out with him -saww. \n He -saww went out with them on five (days) remaining from Zul-Qadah and communicated with Amir Al-Momineen -asws with heading to Al-Hajj from Al-Yemen. And Amir Al-Momineen -asws came out with the ones from the soldiers with him -asws, those who had accompanied him -asws to Al-Yemen, and with him -asws were the garments which he -asws had taken from the people of Najran. When Rasool-Allah -saww came near Makkah from the road of Al-Madinah, Amir Al-Momineen -asws came near it from the road of Al-Yemen, and forwarded the army for meeting the Prophet -saww and made a man from them to be in charge upon them. \n And when Rasool-Allah -saww had fulfilled his -saww rituals, he -saww participated Ali -asws in his -saww offering and returned to Al-Madinah and he -asws was with him -saww and the Muslims until he \u2011saww ended up to the famous place at Ghadeer e Khum, and there wasn\u2019t any place there which was correct for the encampment due to the lack of water and the pasture therein. He \u2011saww descended in the place and the Muslims descended with him -saww, and the reason for his -saww descent in this place was the Revelation of the Quran unto him -saww with his -saww nomination of Amir Al-Momineen Ali -asws Bin Abu Talib -asws as a Caliph in the community from after him -saww. \n And the Revelation had preceded to him -saww regarding that from another timing to him, but he -saww delayed it (announcement) for the presenting of the time he -saww felt safe in it of the differing from them upon it, and Allah -azwj Mighty and Majestic Knew that if he -saww crossed over Ghadeer e Khum, a lot of the people would separate from him -saww to go to their cities and their dwelling and their valleys. Therefore, Allah -azwj Wanted that he -saww gathered them to hear the text upon Amir Al-Momineen -asws and an emphasis of the argument\/proof upon them regarding him -asws (an extract). [41] \n See for example: https:\/\/www.hubeali.com\/article\/farewell-hajj-of-rasool-allah-saww\/ \n Ali -asws as Mola (Successor) & Completion of Islam at Ghadeer-e-Khum – Year 10 \n Rasool Allah -saww, at the end of farewell Hajj, asked Muslims to assemble at a place called Ghadeer e Khum (Spring at Khum) and after giving an eloquent sermon, announced the Ali \u2011asws Ibn Abi Talib -asws as his -saww successor (Khalif), and the Holy Verse \u2018This day have I Perfected for you your Religion and Completed My Favour on you and Chosen for you Islam as a Religion \u2019 [5:3] was Revealed by Allah -azwj. \n Abu Ja\u2019far -asws (5 th Imam -asws ) narrates that when Rasool-Allah -saww finished the Farewell Pilgrimage, this Verse was Revealed: O Rasool! Deliver what has been Revealed unto you from your Lord; and if you do it not, then you have not delivered His Message, and Allah will Protect you from the people [5:67]. So, the Rasool Allah -saww called for the congregational Prayer (on the 18 th of Zil-Hajj). \n The people gathered and Rasool Allah -saww said: \u2018Who is foremost among you than your own selves?\u2019 They all said, \u2018Allah -azwj and His -azwj Rasool -saww \u2019. The Rasool Allah -saww grabbed Ali -asws Bin Abu Talib -asws and said: \n \u2018For the ones for whom I -saww am Mola (Master), for them, Ali -asws is Mola! Our Allah -azwj! Befriend the one who befriends him -asws, and Do not favour the one who does not favour him \u2011asws, and Help the one who helps him -asws, and Abandon the one who abandons him -asws, for he -asws is from me -saww and I -saww a m from him -asws, and he -asws is to me what Haroun -as was to Musa -as except that there is no Prophet -saww after me -saww \u2019. \n And it was the last Obligation which Allah -azwj the High Obligated upon the community of Mohammed -saww, then Allah -azwj Revealed unto His -azwj Prophet -saww: \n This day have I Perfected for you your Religion and Completed My Favour on you and Chosen for you Islam as a Religion \u2019 [5:3]. \n Rasool Allah -saww said in the sermon at Ghadeer e Khum: O you people! I -saww have made known to you your \u2018Master\u2019 and your Imam -asws after me -saww; your evidence and your guide. He -asws is Ali -asws Bin Abu Talib -asws and he -asws is among you at the status that I -saww am among you. So, emulate him -asws (do his -asws Taqleed), and obey him -asws in all of your affairs, for in his \u2011asws possession is what Allah -azwj has Taught me -saww, and Ordered for me -saww, and I -saww have made it known to him -asws, and I -saww am letting you know that it is with him -asws. So, ask him -asws and learn from him -asws and from the successors -asws after him -asws, and do not try to teach them -asws nor go in front of them -asws nor be left behind them -asws, for they -asws are with the \u2018Haq\u2019 (truth) and the \u2018Haq\u2019 is with them -asws, neither will they -asws leave it nor will it leave them -asws \u2019 (an extract). [42] For more details, see for example: https:\/\/www.hubeali.com\/article\/ghadeer-e-khum\/ \n Martyrdom (Shahadat) of Rasool Allah -saww: Year 11 \n After several failed assassination attempts, finally, the enemies of Allah -azwj succeeded in poisoning Rasool Allah -saww. \n Abu Abdullah -asws (6 th Shia Imam) having said: \u2018Are you all intending that the Prophet would die or be killed. Allah -azwj is Saying: So if he dies or is killed will you turn back upon your heels? [3:144]. So, they poisoned (him -saww ) before the death, these two had (made him -saww to) drink it\u2019. We -asws say: \u2018These two (two wives), and their two fathers (1 and 2) are the most evil of the creatures of Allah -az wj \u2019. [43] \n In another account, \u2018He -saww let Hafsa know that her father and Abu Bakr would be pursuing the command. She divulged it to Ayesha, and she divulged it to her father, and he divulged it to his companion. Then they all united upon, that they would hasten upon it by poisoning him -saww. When Allah -azwj Informed him -saww of their deed, he -saww thought of killing them both (1 and 2), but they both took oath to him -asws that they did not do so. So, it was Revealed: O you those who commit Kufr! Do not offer excuses today. [66:7] \u2019\u2019. [44] \n Rasool Allah -saww Foretold martyrdom of himself -saww and his successors -asws \n (Sulaym Ibn Qais Hilali narrates) Then the Rasool Allah -saww reiterated, so he -saww said: \u2018O you people! When I -saww am martyred, so Ali -asws is higher to the believers than their own selves. When Ali -asws is martyred, so my -saww son -asws Al-Hassan -asws is higher to the believers than their own selves. When Al-Hassan -asws is martyred, so my -saww son -asws Al-Hussain is higher to the believers than their own selves. When my -saww son -asws Al-Hussain -asws is martyred, so my -saww son Ali -asws Bin Al-Hussain -asws is higher to the believers than their own selves. There is not for anyone (a say) with them -asws in the command\u2019. \n Ali -asws Bin Abu Talib -asws stood up, and he -asws was weeping, and said: \u2018May my -asws mother -as, and my -asws father -as be sacrificed for you -saww, O Prophet -saww of Allah -azwj, will you -saww be martyred?\u2019 He -saww said: \u2018Yes, I -saww will be made a martyr by being poisoned, and you -asws will be killed by the sword and your -asws beard will be dyed from the blood of your -asws head, and my -saww son Al-Hassan -asws will be killed by the poison, and my -saww son -asws Al-Hussain -asws will be killed by the sword, and he -asws will be killed by a tyrant son of a tyrant, one whose lineage is in doubt (Da\u2019iy) son of one whose lineage is in doubt (Da\u2019iy), a hypocrite son of a hypocrite\u2019. [45] \n Sadly, Rasool Allah -saww was recalled by Allah -azwj, shortly after Farewell Hajj on the 28 th of month of Safar, i.e., two months after returning to Madinah after demonstrating Hajj Rituals as well as announcing the Will of Allah -azwj regarding his -saww successor at Ghadeer e Khum. [46] \n Muslims Appoint Abu Bakr as Caliph before Prophet -saww \u2018s Funeral: Year 11 \n Abu Bakr was chosen as caliph, after a fight at Banu Saqifa, among those Muslims who abandoned the funeral of Prophet -saww in order to take over the reign of Muslim nation. \u00a0The \u2019 Saqifa \u2019 Saq\u012bfah (\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0642\u0650\u064a\u0641\u064e\u0629) was a shed belonging to the Banu\/Bani Sa’ida clan, in which a secret meeting was held (in 11 AH) by a small group of Muslims, soon after the news of the Shahadat of the Holy Prophet -saww was broken. During the meeting, participating Muslims from both Ansaar (the helpers) and Mahajareen (the emigrants) tried to appoint a caliph from their race and creed. The Ansaars [47] claimed that they were more entitled to appoint a caliph from amongst them due to their help and assistance, whilst the Mahajareen insisted a caliph should be from amongst them, as they were first in embracing Islam and had close kinship with Rasool Allah \u2011saww.\u00a0 Their arguments continued for hours, turning into ugly altercations, exposing tribal rivalries and personal grudges, and ending in a stampede-like situation. At this point, Umar Ibn Khattab hurriedly took the hand of Abu Bakr and pledged allegiance to him and some followed suit, while others vigorously opposed it. It took between 1-3 days as per some narrations. \n Then, they came out compelling and coercing others to pledge allegiance to Abu Bakr, Umar Ibn Khattab being the foremost in doing so [48]. Whilst those Muslims were at Saqifa, Ali -asws Ibn Abi Talib -asws, along with some members of Bani Hashim, was busy in washing, embalming, offering the funeral Salat and burial of Rasool Allah -saww.\u00a0 Here, we present two Ahadith related to the outcome of the Saqifa allegiance: \n And he (Ibn Abi Al-Hadeed) said in another place, \u2018They said, \u2018When it ended to Amir Al-Momineen -asws, news of the Saqifa, after the expiry of Rasool-Allah -saww, he -asws said: \u2018What did the Helpers say?\u2019 They said, \u2018They said, \u2018There should be a ruler from us (Helpers) and a ruler from you (Emigrants)\u2019. \n He -asws said: \u2018Why did you not argue with them that Rasool-Allah -saww bequeathed that they should be good to their (Helpers) good doers, and they should overlook from their evil ones?\u2019 \n They said, \u2018And what is the argument in this against them?\u2019 \n He -asws said: \u2018If the government was to be among them (the helpers), he -saww would not have bequeathed with them\u2019. Then he -asws said: \u2018So, what is that which Quraysh said?\u2019 They said, \u2018They argued that they are the tree (lineage) of the Rasool -saww \u2019. He -asws said: \u2018They argued with the tree and wasted the fruit (the Ahl Al-Bayt -asws )!\u2019\u2019 [49] \n When Abu Bakr succeeded in taking allegiance from most of the Muslims, he wrote to his father about him becoming the caliph of the Muslims, his father replied to him: \n (The book) \u2018Al-Ihtijaj\u2019 \u2013 Abu Quhafa (Abu Bakr\u2019s father) was at Al-Taif when Rasool-Allah -saww passed away, and Abu Bakr was pledged allegiance to. He (Abu Bakr) wrote a letter to him, its content was, \u2018From caliph of Rasool-Allah -saww to Abu Quhafa. As for after, the people are in agreement with me, so today I am caliph of Allah -azwj. If you would come forward to us, it would be good from you\u2019. \n When Abu Quhafa read the letter he said to the messenger, \u2018What prevented them from Ali \u2011asws?\u2019 The messenger said, \u2018He -asws is of young age, and he -asws has killed a lot among the Quraysh and others, and Abu Bakr is older than him -asws \u2019. \n Abu Quhafa said, \u2018If this command in that was based upon the age, then I am more rightful than Abu Bakr is. They have oppressed Ali -asws of his -asws right, and the Prophet -saww had got the allegiances to be pledged to him -asws, and had ordered us with pledging to him -asws \u2019. \n Then he (father of Abu Bakr) wrote to him (Abu Bakr), \u2018From Abu Quhafa to Abu Bakr. As for after, \u2018Your letter came to me and I find it to be a letter of an idiot, contradicting part of it with a part. At times you are saying, \u2018Caliph of Allah -azwj \u2019, and at time you are saying, \u2018Caliph of Rasool-Allah -saww \u2019, and at times, \u2018The people are in agreement with me\u2019, and it is a vague matter. \n Do not enter into a matter it would be difficult for you to exit from it tomorrow, and your posterity would happen to be in regret from it, and the self-accusing soul would blame in front of the Reckoning on the Day of Qiyamah. There are entrances and exits for the matters, and you know one who is foremost with it than you are. Watch out for Allah -azwj as if you can see Him -azwj, and do not leave out its (rightful) owner, for leaving it today is lighter upon you, and peace be to you\u2019\u2019. [50] \n The Saqifa meeting, however, needs to be analysed as a reaction to the sermon of Rasool Allah -saww at Ghadeer-e-Khum, where Rasool Allah -saww announced: \u2018For the ones for whom I \u2011saww am Mola (Master), for them, Ali -asws is Mola \u2019! [51] \u00a0 A group among Muslims, disliked it so much that they agreed among themselves to stop Bani Hashim (mainly Ali -asws Ibn Abi Talib \u2011asws ) from succeeding to Caliphate.\u00a0 The leading hypocrites among them were the twelve (12) companions of Al-Uqba, who hatched their first plan when they covered their faces and intended to frighten the camel of the Messenger of Allah -saww. \n When did that happen (Sulaym asked from Abu Dharr -ra )?\u2019 He –ra (Abu Dharr -ra ) said, \u2018At Ghadeer Khum (or Battle of Tabbuk as per some traditions), when the Messenger of Allah -saww was returning from the Farewell Pilgrimage\u2019. I said, \u2018May Allah -azwj Keep you well, do you know them?\u2019 He -ra, said, \u2018Yes, by Allah -azwj, all of them\u2019. I said, \u2018From where did you -ra come to know them and the Messenger of Allah -saww had told Huzayfa to keep it a secret?\u2019 He -ra said, \u2018Ammar Bin Yaasar was the guide and Huzayfa was the usher, so Huzayfa was ordered for concealment, but that was not the order to Ammar\u2019. I said, \u2018Can you name them for me?\u2019 He \u2011ra said, \u2018Five (5) companions of the agreement [52], and five (5) companions of the consultative council (to selected the 3 rd Muslim Caliph), and Amr Bin Al-Aas and Mu’awiya\u2019. A (failed) assassination attempt was made to trip the she-camel of Rasool-Allah -saww on the night of Al-Aqaba (at Al-Aqaba Mountain pass), and the remaining ones from the renegade hypocrites at Al-Madinah wished to kill Ali -asws Bin Abu Talib -asws. \n The animosity of hypocrites against Ali -asws Ibn Abi Talib -asws was finally realised at Saqifa, conclusion of the most controversial events in early Islam, due to the exclusion of a large number of the Holy Prophet -saww ‘s companions from the secret council at Saqifa, including Rasool Allah- -saww \u2019s immediate family members and notably Ali -asws Ibn Abi Talib -asws, his -saww most trustworthy, knowledgeable, and flag bearer. \n With respect to the succession to the first Caliph, Abu Bakr could not find a better leader than Umar Ibn Khattab and nominated him as his successor. Towards the end of 2 nd Caliph\u2019s rein, a completely new method of choosing the 3 rd Muslim Caliph was devised and a council was formed consisting of six from the companions of Rasool Allah -saww (all of them from the Quraysh – the Mahajareen – Emigrants).\u00a0 Then when the third Caliph was murdered by a delegation from Egypt, after days of siege and bloodshed, Muslims started looking for the fourth caliph and pleaded to Ali -asws Ibn Abi Talib -asws to lead them, who was also martyred, later on, by the cruel strike of Ibn Muljim. \n Islamic history is tainted by divisions caused at Saqifa. These divisions continued, leading to several wars among Muslims (mainly involving the companions of Rasool Allah -saww ), e.g., the battle of Camel (battle of Jamal), where companions of Rasool Allah -saww were killed from both warring groups! The Muslim divisions and contention remained so, and lead to the very tragic and shameful killings of the Ahl Al-Bayt -asws in Karbala, their -asws imprisonment in Sham.\u00a0 And Saqifa contention still haunts the Islamic community, as some extreme Muslim factions have declared the followers of Ali -asws Ibn Abi Talib -asws as non-believers and Kafirs and have attempted to kill them whenever an opportunity present to them \u2013 and that is all over the world. \n It is therefore, important to learn about that which occurred at Saqifa and correct our allegiance to Allah -azwj and adhere to His -azwj Path. Only if we were to analyse the circumstances prior to and after Saqifa and to try to sieve out the falsehood and develop tolerance for each Islamic faction\u2019s point of view, rather than try to eliminate them from the face of the earth \u2013 so uprooting the extremism which has been planted by the army of Iblis -la to divide and disintegrate the Muslim nation. \n See for example, https:\/\/www.hubeali.com\/article\/saqifa-and-beyond\/ \n Shahadat of Syed Mohsin -asws Ibn Ali -asws \u2013 Year 11 \n Rasool-Allah -saww had given the name \u2018Mohsin -asws \u2019 to the third son of Syeda -asws and Ali -asws, before leaving this world. \n (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah -asws having said: \u2018My -asws father -asws narrated to me \u2011asws, from my -asws grandfather -asws having said: \u2018Amir-Al-Momineen -asws said: \u2018Name your children before they are born, so if you do not know whether it is a male or a female, so name them by the named which happen to be for the males and the female, for if they are miscarried, when they meet you on the Day of Judgement, and you have not named them the miscarried one would be saying to its father, \u2018Did you not name me?\u2019 And Rasool-Allah -saww had named Mohsin -asws before he -asws had been Given (to us -asws ) \u2019. [53] \n Ahadith related to the martyrdom of