ভূমিকা

Shiavault - a Vault of Shia Islamic Books Hajj The Islamic Pilgrimage According to The Five Schools of Islamic Law The Forms of Hajj All the five legal schools agree that there are three kinds of Hajj: tamattu` , qiran, and ifrad. They also agree that by Hajj al-tamattu` is meant performance of the acts of the `Umrah during the months of the Hajj. The acts of the Hajj itself are performed after getting through the `Umrah.

They also agree that by Hajj al‑'ifrad is meant performing the Hajj first and then, after getting through the acts of the Hajj, getting into the state of ihram for performing the `Umrah and its related acts. The four Sunni legal schools agree that the meaning of the Hajj al-qiran is to get into ihram for the Hajj and the `Umrah together. Then the talbiyyah uttered by the pilgrim is لبيك اللهم بحج وعمرة . According to the Imamiyyah school, the Hajj al-qiran and Hajj al‑‘ifrad are one and the same.

There is no difference between them except when the pilgrim performing the Hajj al-qiran brings the hady at the time of assuming the ihram . Then it is obligatory upon him to offer what he has brought. But one who performs the Hajj al‑‘ifrad has essentially no obligation to offer the hady .

In brief, the Imamiyyah do not consider it permissible to interchange two different ihram 's,[^1] or to perform the Hajj and the `Umrah with a single niyyah (intention) under any condition; but the other legal schools permit it in Hajj al-qiran. They say that it has been named `al‑qiran' because it involves union between the Hajj and the `Umrah.

But the Imamiyyah say that it is because of the additional feature of the hady accompanying the pilgrim at the time of ihram .[^2] According to the four Sunni legal schools, it is permissible for the pilgrim, Meccan or non‑Meccan, to choose from any of the three forms of the Hajj: al‑tamattu ; al‑qiran, or al‑'ifrad , without involving any karahah ( reprehensibility ). Only Abu Hanifah considers Hajj al-tamattu` and Hajj al-qiran as makruh for the Meccan.

The four Sunni legal schools also differ as to which of the three kinds of Hajj is superior to the others. The best according to the Shafi`i school is al‑‘ifrad, and al‑tamattu` is superior to al‑qiran. According to the Hanafi school, al‑qiran has greater merit than the other two. The best according to the Maliki school is al‑‘ifrad, and according to the Hanbali and Imamiyyah schools is al‑tamattu`.