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Shiavault - a Vault of Shia Islamic Books Hajj The Islamic Pilgrimage According to The Five Schools of Islamic Law Tawaf Tawaf is an essential part ( rukn ) of `Umrah, and the tawaf al‑ziyarah (also called `tawaf al‑'ifadah' ) is a rukn of the Hajj al‑tamattu; Hajj al‑'ifrad and Hajj al‑qiran . As said earlier, the assumption of ihram is the first act of the pilgrim regardless of whether he comes for `Umrah mufradah or for any of the three types of Hajj.

Now, after the assuming of ihram, what is the next step for the pilgrim? Is it tawaf, or wuquf, or something else? The answer is: it depends on the purpose ( niyyah ) with which the pilgrim assumes ihram. If it is `Umrah, then the next step is tawaf, regardless of whether it is `Umrah mufradah or `Umrat al‑tamattu`' Thus tawaf is the second step for the mu'tamir (pilgrim intending `Umrah), by agreement of all the legal schools.

However, if the purpose of ihram is Hajj only‑‑such as in the case of pilgrim on Hajj al‑'ifrad, or one intending to perform the Hajj al‑tamattu` after getting through the acts of `Umrah‑‑the second step is (as shall be explained later) wuquf in `Arafat. In other words, one who enters Makkah with the sole purpose of `Umrah or Hajj al‑tamattu` performs tawaf before everything else, then sa’y and then taqsir.

After this, if on Hajj al‑tamattu`, he assumes ihram for a second time; but he is not required to perform another tawaf after this ihram. The tawaf (pertaining to the Hajj acts), as we shall explain, comes after getting through the wuquf at `Arafat and passage through Mina. Kinds of `Umrah in View of the Ahl al‑Sunnah The imams of the four Sunni schools distinguish between three kinds of tawaf: 1. Tawaf al‑Qudum It is the tawaf performed by the `outsiders', (i.e.

those coming from outside Makkah and from beyond its outskirts within a radius of 88 kms.) on entry into Makkah. It is similar to the two raka'at of salat performed as tahiyyat al‑masjid ( lit. `greeting of the mosque'), and so is also called `tawaf al‑tahiyyah'' The four Sunni schools agree on its being mustahabb, and no penalty is required for default according to all except the Malikis who require a blood sacrifice. 2.

Tawaf al‑Ziyarah This tawaf (also called `tawaf al‑'ifadah' )is performed by Hajj pilgrims after getting through the acts of Mina, the ramy of jamarat al‑`aqabah, the sacrifice ( dhibh ) , and the halq or the taqsir. The pilgrim performs this tawaf on returning to Makkah.