It is called `tawaf al‑ziyarah' because it is performed on...

It is called `tawaf al‑ziyarah' because it is performed on the visit ( ziyarah ) to the Ka'bah after leaving Mina. It is called `tawaf al‑'ifadah' because the pilgrims pour forth ( `ifadah' means `pouring forth') into Makkah from Mina. It is also called `tawaf al‑hajj' because by consensus of all the schools it is rukn of the Hajj. After performing this tawaf all things become permissible for the (Sunni) Hajj pilgrim, even sexual intimacy with women.

The Imamiyyah, who disagree, say that sex is not permitted before performing the sa’y between Safa and Marwah followed by a second tawaf, which they call `tawaf al‑nisa'.' This shall be further clarified presently. 3. Tawaf al‑Wada` It is the last tawaf performed by the Hujjaj before departing from Makkah. The Hanafi and Hanbali schools consider it obligatory, though all that is required of the defaulter is a sacrifice.

The Malikis consider it mustahabb and do not require any penalty for the default. Al‑Shafi'i has two opinions on this matter. ( al‑Mughni, al‑Fiqh `ala al‑madhahib al‑'arba`ah, Fiqh al‑Sunnah ) Kinds of Tawaf from the Imamiyyah Viewpoint The Shi`ah agree with the Sunni schools about the legitimacy of the above three kinds of tawaf, and regard the second tawaf i.e. tawaf al‑ziyarah as a rukn of the Hajj whose omission makes the Hajj invalid. [^1] However, the first kind, i.e.

tawaf al‑qudum is considered mustahabb, and may be omitted. Regarding the third, i.e. tawaf al‑wada; they agree with the Ma1iki school in its being mustahabb, there being nothing on the defaulter. However, the Shi`ah add another kind of tawaf to the above three, the tawaf al‑nisa', which they consider obligatory, its omission being impermissible in `Umrah mufradah as well as in all the three kinds of Hajj (i.e. tamattu; qiran, and ifrad ) .

They do not permit its omission except in case of `Umrat al‑tamattu; considering the tawaf al‑nisa' performed during the course of Hajj al‑tamattu` as sufficient. The schools of the Ahl al‑Sunnah state that there is no obligatory tawaf after the tawaf al‑ziyarah, after which sexual intimacy is permissible.

The Shi'ah say that it is obligatory upon the pilgrim, after performing tawaf al‑ziyarah and the sa’y, to perform another tawaf, the tawaf al‑nisa; which derives its name precisely because of the sanction of permissibility of relations with women ( nisa' ) following it.