ভূমিকা

Shiavault - a Vault of Shia Islamic Books Our Philosophy- Falsafatuna Chapter Two: Dialectics or Disputation In classical logic, 'disputation' meant a specific method of discussion and' a certain manner of debate in which contradictory ideas and opposite points of view are presented. Every one of such points of view attempts to show the weakness and falsity of its opposite, in light of the knowledge already admitted and the propositions already acknowledged.

By virtue of this, conflict between negation and affirmation develops in the field of discussion and disputation, until a conclusion is reached in which one of the points of view at odds is asserted, or a new point of view reconciling all views evolves from the intellectual struggle between the contradictories, after casting their contradiction aside and showing the weakness of every one of them.

However, disputation in the new dialectic or the new disputation is no longer a method of discussion and a certain manner of exchanging opinions. Instead, it has become a method of explaining reality and a general law of the universe applicable to the various realities and kinds of existence. Thus, contradiction does not only lie between opinions and points of view. Rather, it is fixed in the heart of every reality and truth.

Therefore, there is no proposition that does not involve in itself its own contradiction and negation. (p. 222) Hegel was the first to establish a complete logic on the basis of this [notion of dialectics].

Thus, the dialectical contradiction was the central point in his logic and the main principle on which a new understanding of the world is based and by means of which a new theory about the world is constructed - a theory that is completely different from the classical theory that mankind had adopted ever since they were made to know and to think. Hegel was not the first to formulate the principles of the dialectic.

These principles are deeply rooted in a number of ideas that had appeared intermittently on the stage of human thought. However, these principles were not formulated in light of a complete logic which is clear in its explanation and view, and which is determined in its designs and rules, except at the hand of Hegel who constructed his whole idealistic philosophy on the basis of this kind of dialectic.

He considered it a sufficient explanation of society, history, the nation and all aspects of life.