ভূমিকা
Shiavault - a Vault of Shia Islamic Books The Role Of Islamic Scientists In The Advancement Of Science Where Did The Islamic Scientific Movement Begin? In the preceding chapter we noted that in every city the Muslims entered, their first objective was to establish mosques and schools. Therefore, in all the Islamic cities, schools were established, but in Islamic history, some schools were mentioned more frequently and were centres of research in various scientific subjects.
The first and most important of these schools is Baghdad Academy, which is also known as Baitul-Hikmah (House of Wisdom). This scientific centre was established by Harun al-Rashid, the Abbasid Caliph, and completed by his successor, Ma'amun, collected literature and was a centre of attraction to interpreters and researchers from many countries. The various scientific theories and practices developed in Baghdad Academy found an atmosphere conducive to scientific research.
Ma'amun greatly developed and assisted in the expansion of the House of Wisdom and spent three hundred thousand gold coins in translating Greek books. One of the conditions of the peace convention between Ma'amun and the Emperor of Rome was that the Roman Emperor ceded the Constantinople libraries to Ma'amun. Ptolemy's book on astronomy was among these books which Ma'amun ordered for translation.
The translators of the Baghdad Academy were a group of knowledgeable and educated men from Iran, Syria, and India and most of them were Syriac, who were very learned in Greek science and philosophy. Some of the famous men were from a family called Bukhtishoou, the son of the Syriac Bukhtishoou, who was Mansoor's physician, and some were Nestorian. There were also translators from the family of Hanin Ibn Ishagh, Karkhi, Sabet Harani Sa'ebi.
The most famous translators in Persian and Hindi languages included: Ibn al-Muqaffa, the astrologist family of Nobakht and Ali-Ibn Ziad Tamimi, (who translated the books of Zeyjol-Shahriar), Hassan Ibn Sahl and Belazari Ahmad Ibn Yahya (the chief director of Bararnakah Hospital). In other parts of the Islamic world, scientific centres similar to the House of Wisdom were established, particularly after the downfall of the Caliphate and the resultant independence of small and large countries.