403 H) documents too...

403 H) documents too: وأخبرنا علي بن محمد بن عقبة ثنا الهيثم بن خالد ثنا أبو نعيم ثنا سفيان عن عمرو بن مرة عن مرة عن عمر رضي الله عنه قال ثلاث لأن يكون النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم بينهم لنا أحب إلي من الدنيا وما فيها الخلافة والكلالة والربا ‘Ali b. Muhammad b. ‘Uqbah – al-Haytham b. Khalid – Abu Na’im – Sufyan – ‘Amr b. Marrah – Marrah – ‘Umar, may Allah be pleased with him: “There are three matters.

Had the Prophet, peace be upon him, clearly explained them to us , that would have been more beloved to me than this world and whatsoever is in it: the khilafah (caliphate), kalalah and riba (usury) ”.[^3] Al-Hakim says: هذا حديث صحيح على شرط الشيخين This hadith is sahih upon the standard of the two Shaykhs ^4 Al-Dhahabi (d. 748 H) agrees: على شرط البخاري ومسلم ( Sahih ) upon the standard of al-Bukhari and Muslim ^5 Imam Ahmad b. Hanbal (d.

241 H) has an even clearer report: حدثنا عبد الله حدثني أبي ثنا يحيى عن بن أبي عروبة ثنا قتادة عن سعيد بن المسيب قال قال عمر رضي الله عنه: ان آخر ما نزل من القرآن آية الربا وان رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم قبض ولم يفسرها فدعوا الربا والريبة ‘Abd Allah (b. Ahmad b. Hanbal) – my father (Ahmad b. Hanbal) – Yahya – Ibn Abi ‘Arubah – Qatadah – Sa’id b. al-Musayyab: ‘Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, said: “Verily, the last of what was revealed in the Qur’an was the Verse of Riba .

And verily, the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, died and never explained it . Therefore, avoid riba and doubt.[^6] Shaykh al-Arnauṭ comments: حسن رجاله ثقات رجال الشيخين It is hasan . Its narrators are thiqah (trustworthy), narrators of the two Shaykhs. ^7 Apparently, ‘Umar did not know the Islamic rulings and teachings concerning the inheritance of the grandfather (from his grandchild), kalalah , usury ( riba ) and the khilafah .

He therefore placed the blame on the Messenger of Allah, sallallahu ‘alaihi wa alihi , and accused him of never explaining them to his Ummah . His allegations however directly contradict these verses: وما على الرسول إلا البلاغ المبين The duty of the Messenger is only to convey in a clear way .[^8] وأنزلنا إليك الذكر لتبين للناس ما نزل إليهم And We have sent down unto you (Muhammad) al-Dhikr (i.e.

the Qur’an) that you may explain clearly to mankind what is sent down to them .[^9] Therefore, if the Prophet had not explained clearly a single item of his risalah , he would have failed in his mission.