ভূমিকা

Shiavault - a Vault of Shia Islamic Books Dictionary of Islamic Philosophical Terms Nun natijah The conclusion in a syllogism (qiyas, q.v.) which necessarily follows from the two given propositions taken together, i.e. the major premise (kubra, q.v.) and the minor premise (sughra, q.v.) because of their common link (qarinah) through a middle term (al-hadd al-ausat, q.v.).

The predicate (mahmul, q.v.) of the conclusion is called the major term (al-hadd al-akbar, q.v.) and the subject (maudu‘, q.v.) the minor term (al-hadd al-asghar, q.v.). The conclusion, because it necessarily follows the two given propositions, is also sometimes called ridf, i.e. the consequent. al-natijah ghair al-muta‘alliqah The fallacy of ignoratio elenchi; see mughalatat al-natijah ghair al-muta‘alliqah.

al-natijah ma yuram Petitio principii or begging the question; see al-musadarah ‘ala’l-matlub al-awwal. nahw mode. (AnAc) al-nisbat al-hukmiyah The relation between the subject (mahkum ‘alaihi, q.v.) and the predicate (mahkum bihi, q.v.), i.e. the copula of a logical proposition, more ususally called ribatah. nusbah Lit. "situation", but technically the category of position or posture; see wad‘. nizam order. (AnAc) al-nafs al-ammarah “The commanding soul”, i.e.

the soul which is wont to enjoin evil, an expression used in the Holy Qur’an (12:53) for the lowest stage in the spiritual growth of man, the stage when the low desires and animal passions rule the mind of man and he succumbs to his carnal desires like a brute. See also al-nafs al-lawwamah and al-nafs al-mutma’innah. al-nafs al-insaniyah The human mind or soul.

It possesses all the faculties and powers of the vegetable mind (al-nafs al-nabatiyah, q.v.) as well as those of the animal mind (al-nafs al-hayawaniyah, q.v.), but in addition hs the rational faculty (al-quwwat al-‘aqliyah, q.v.) peculiar to itself which has two forms: one theoretical or speculative (nazari) which enables man to have abstract thinking and the other practical (‘amali) on which morality depends.

al-nafs al-hayawaniyah The animal soul or mind; it possesses all the powers or faculties of the vegetable mind (al-nafs al-nabatiyah, q.v.), viz. the nutritive power (al-quwwat al-ghadhiyah, q.v.), the power of growth (al-quwwat al-namiyah, q.v.) and the power of reproduction (al-quwwat al-muwallidah, q.v.). In addition it, possesses two powers or faculties peculiar to itself, i.e.