naqidan Two contradictories like existence and non-existence...

naqidan Two contradictories like existence and non-existence or Muslim and non-Muslim; the two contradictories cannot both be true not can they both be false, for they are mutually exclusive (mani‘at al-jam‘, q.v.) as well as totally exhaustive (mani‘at al-khuluww, q.v.) as distinguished from the contraries (diddan, q.v.) which are merely mutually exclusive. The two contradictories like the two contrary states or qualities cannot obtain in one and the same individual at the same time.

See also ’ijtima‘ al- naqidain. naqid al-tali The denial of consequent in the minor premise of a hypothetical syllogism (al-sharti al-muttasil, q.v.) leading to the denial of the antecedent in the conclusion, a valid mode of reasoning called the negative mode (Modus Tollens) of hypothetical syllogism; opposed to ‘ain al-tali (q.v.) which is a form of logical fallacy (see mughalatah wad‘ al-tali).

naqid al-muqaddam Denial of antecedent, an invalid (‘aqim, q.v.) mode of reasoning which does not warrant any logical conclusion. See also mughalatah raf‘ al-muqaddam. numuww Growth of a body by assimilation of another body through the process of nourishment (al-quwwat al-ghadhiyah, q.v.); one of the four kinds of harakah fi’l-kamm (q.v.). See also al-nafs al-nabatiyah. al-Nawamis The title of the Arabic translation by Hunain ibn Ishaq (d.

264/877) of Plato’s Dialogue the Laws considered to be the earliest extant classic of European jurisprudence. nau‘ (pl. anwa‘) Species. As one of the predicables (see Isaghuji), nau‘ is a relatively smaller class which is included in a wider class called jins (q.v.), i.e. genus; e.g. the smaller class: "man" is included in the wider class: "animal". thus "man" is a species (nau‘) in relation to "animal" and "animal" is a genus (jins) in relation to "man". See also jins. nau‘ al-’anwa‘ Lit.

"species of species"; technically infima species, the lowest species of a classification which can no longer be divided into further sub-classes but only into individuals. In Aristotelian logic the individual himself is named as nau‘ al-’anwa‘; also called nau‘ al-safil. Previous…