the relation between a universal proposition and a...

the relation between a universal proposition and a particular proposition having the same subject and predicate and of the same quality; the universal proposition in this pair is sometimes called muhkam lahu and the particular proposition muhkam bihi or muhkam. See also al-qadiyatan al-mutadakhilatan. takhalkhul Expansion of a body, e.g. of water into steam; one of the four kinds of (harakah fi’l-kamm, q.v.). Tartib Arrangement.

(AnAc) al-tarkib al-ittihadi The organic composition of parts into a whole so that the parts, apart from the whole of which they are the parts, have no independent existence of their own -like the composition of matter (maddah or hayula, q.v.) and form (surah, q.v.) in a concrete particular thing or that of differentia (fasl, q.v.) and genus (jins, q.v.) in the definition of a thing (al-hadd al-tamm, q.v.); opposed to al-tarkib al-indimami, see below.

al-tarkib al-in?imami The mechanical composition of parts into a whole so that the parts have their own independent existence apart form the whole of which they are the parts -like the conglomeration of bricks, mortar, wood, iron, etc. into a house or into any other mechanical aggregate; opposed to al-tarkib al-ittihadi (q.v.). al-tarkib al-mufaal The fallacy of composition; see mughalatah tarkib al-mufaal.

tasalsul An infinite succession of events or an infinite regress of causes, both of which, according to Muslim philosophers, are logically inadmissible. Sometimes the term is used to denote the infinite succession or regress in an argument which brings it to a logical impasse. See al-burhan al-ta?biqi and muqati‘. tadhadd Contrariety or the relation of contrary opposition between two universal propositions having the same subject and predicate but differing in quality.

See al-qadhiyatan al-mutdhaddatan. al-tadhadd al-tahtani Sub-contrariety or the relation of sub-contrary opposition between two particular propositions having the same subject and predicate, but differing in quality. See also al-qa?iyatan al-dakhilatan taht al-ta?add. al-ta‘rif al-haqiqi The real definition of a thing, i.e. the definition which gives us the essence or the most essential characteristics of a thing like the definition of man as a rational animal. See also al-hadd al-tamm.

ta‘rif al-majhul bi’l-majhul Ignotum per ignotius, i.e. the definition of the unknown by the unknown, which in fact is no definition.