On the other hand...

On the other hand, if the universal is false the particular may be either false or true, and if the particular is true the universal is either true or false. al-qadiyatan al-mutadaddatan The two contrary propositions, i.e. the two universal propositions having the same subject and predicate but differing in quality -of the form "All S is P" or "No S is P". Such propositions cannot both be true though they may both be false. al-qadiyatan al-mutaqabilatan The two opposite propositions, i.e.

the propositions having the same subject or predicate but differing in quality or quantity or both; they are four kinds: (1) the two contrary propositions (al-qadiyatan al-mutadaddatan, q.v.), (2) the two sub contrary propositions (al-qadiyatan al-dakhilatan taht al-tadadd, q.v.), (3) the two contradictory propositions (al-qadiyatan al-mutaqabilatan bi’l-tanaqud, q.v.) and (4) the two subaltern propositions (al-qadiyatan al-mutadakhilatan, q.v.). See also lauh al-taqabul.

al-qadiyatan al-mutaqabilatan bi’l-tanaqud The two contradictory propositions, i.e. the two propositions having the same subject and predicate but differing both in quality and quantity, viz. A and O or E and I and vice versa. Such propositions cannot both be true, nor can they both be false: if one is true the other must be false, and if one is false the other must be true. al-qadiyat al-basitah The simple proposition, i.e.

the statement which as opposed to al-qadiyat al-murakkabah (q.v.), expresses a single judgment, e.g. "All men are rational animals" or "No men are stones". al-qadiyat al-ba‘diyah A particular proposition, i.e.

the proposition in which, as opposed to al-qadiyat al-kulliyah (q.v.), the subject is take only in its partial extent or denotation like the statements: "Some men are not honest", "Some stones are gems", etc.; also called al-qadiyat al-juz’iyah (q.v.) al-qadiyat al-thulathiyah Tertii adjacentis, i.e.

the proposition consisting of three parts: subject, predicate and copula, which is the usual form of a logical proposition; opposed to al-qadiyat al-thana’iyah (q.v.) al-qadiyat al-thana’iyah Secundi adjacentis, i.e. the proposition which consists solely of subject and predicate with out a copula or the one which the copula merges in the predicate like the statement in Arabic: "Zaid-un katib-un" (Zaid is a writer). al-qadiyat al-juz’iyah A particular proposition, i.e.