the proposition in which, as opposed to al-qadiyat al-kulliyah (q.

the proposition in which, as opposed to al-qadiyat al-kulliyah (q.v.), the subject is take only in its partial extent or denotation like the statements: "Some men are not honest", "Some stones are gems", etc.; also called al-qadiyat al-ba‘diyah (q.v.) al-qadiyat al-hamliyah An attributive or categorical proposition in which the predicate is affirmed or denied of the subject without positing any condition for such an affirmation or denial like the statement: "Man is a rational animal" or "Man is not a stone".

al-qadiyat al-salibah A negative statement or proposition in which the predicate denies something about the subject like the statement: "Man is not stone". al-qadiyat al-salibat al-juz’iyah The particular negative proposition, i.e.

the proposition in which a part only of the extent or denotation of the subject is excluded from the entire class denoted by the predicate like the statement: "Some men are not writers" or "Some triangles are not equilateral"; represented in modern logic by the letter "O" and expressed in the form "Some S is not P". al-qadiyat al-salibat al-kulliyah The universal negative proposition, i.e.

the proposition in which the whole of the class denoted by the subject is excluded from the whole of the class denoted by the predicate like the statement: "No men are stones" or "No circles are squares"; in modern logic represented by the letter "E" and expressed in the form "No S is P". al-qadiyat al-shakhsiyat al-makhsusah The singular proposition, i.e.

the proposition the subject of which is a definite individual like the statement: “Ibn Sina is a philosopher”, or “This man is an Arab”; often called al-qadiyat al-mkhsusah (q.v.).

al-qadiyat al-shartiyah The conditional proposition which consists not of two terms, subject and predicate, but of two clauses or propositions related to each other as antecedent (muqaddam, q.v.) and consequent (tali, q.v.) like the statement: "If the sun shines, it is day" (al-shartiyat al-muttasilah, q.v.) or as two disjunctives like: "Either this number is even or it is odd" (al-shartiyat al-munfasilah, q.v.) al-qadiyat al-dururiyah A necessary proposition, i.e.

the proposition in which the predicate is universally and necessarily true of the subject and can never be otherwise, like the statement: "A triangle must be three-sided" or "The circumference of a circle must be equidistant from its center". al-qadiyat al-kulliyah A universal proposition, i.e.