Issue 23...

Issue 23: If the quantity of water was equal to a Kurr and later on, if someone doubts whether it has reduced to less than a Kurr, it will be treated to be equal to a Kurr, i.e. it will make a najis object Clean (tahir/pak), and will not become najis if najasat reaches it. A nd if water was less than a Kurr, and one suspects that it may have become equal to a Kurr, it will be treated as under-Kurr water.

Issue 24: * There are two ways of establishing that the quantity of water is equal to a Kurr:  a person should be sure about it himself,  two men who are just, should say so. II. Under-Kurr Water Issue 25: Under-Kurr water means water which does not spring forth from the earth, and its quantity is less than a Kurr. Issue 26: If under-Kurr water is poured on something which is najis, or if a najis thing contacts it, it becomes najis.

But, if such water is poured with force on a najis object, only that part which contacts it will be najis, and the water which has not reach ed the najis object, will be Clean (tahir/pak). Issue 27: * Under-Kurr water which is poured over a najis object to remove the essential najasat will be najis, as it flows after the contact. Similarly, the under-Kurr water which is poured over a najis thing to wash it after the essential najasat has been removed, will be najis, as an obligatory precaution.

Issue 28: * The water with which the outlets of urine and stool are washed, does not make anything najis, subject to the following five conditions: • It does not have the smell, colour or taste of najasat. • Extra najasat has not reached it from outside. • Any other najasat like blood, has not come out with urine or stool. • Particles of stool do not appear in the water. • More than usual najasat has not spread around the outlet. III.

Running Water Issue 29: Running water is that water which springs forth from the earth and then flows, like the water of a spring or a canal.The flowing or running water, even if it is less than Kurr, does not become najis upon contact with any najasat, unless its smell, co lour, or taste changes due to that najasat.

Issue 30: If najasat reaches the running water, only that part of the water will be najis whose smell, colour, or taste changes on account of it, and that end which is connected with the spring will be Clean (tahir/pak) even if it may be less than a Kurr.