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Shiavault - a Vault of Shia Islamic Books Elementary Arabic Syntax 2 Particles Which Resemble a Verb What are particles which resemble a verb? Particles which resemble a verb are added to an inchoative and predicate and make the inchoative, its subject, in the accusative form and put the predicate into the nominative form. For example: إنَّ البردَ قارسٌ (Verily, the cold weather is severe.) How many particles are there which resemble a verb?

There are six particles which resemble a verb: إنَّ ، أنَّ ، کَأنَّ ، لَکنَّ ، لیتَ ، لعلَّ Why do these particles resemble verbs? The reason that these particles resemble a verb is because they carry the meaning of a verb. أنَّ and إنَّ have the meaning of emphasis, کَأنَّ has the meaning of similarity, لَکنَّ has the meaning of but, لیتَ has the meaning of an impossible hope, and لعلَّ has the meaning of hope. What is the ruling concerning these particles if a mā is added to them?

If a mā is added to one of these particles they do not put the inchoative into the accusative case and they may be written before nouns or verbs. For example: إنَّما الصَّبرُ مفیدٌ (Verily, patience is useful.) How many types of predicates of particles which resemble a verb are there?

The predicate of particles which resemble a verb is either a noun, for example: کَأنَّ علیاً أسدٌ ('Alī is like a lion.), a sentence, for example: لعلَّ التِّلمیذَ یَنجَحُ (Hopefully the students will be successful.), or a fragment, for example: إنَّ الصدیقَ عندنا (Verily Sadīq is with us.) When is it obligatory for the predicate of particles which resemble a verb to come before the subject?

It is obligatory for the predicate of these particles to be mentioned before the subject if the predicate is an adverbial noun of time or place or a prepositional phrase and: • the subject is indefinite. For example: إنَّ مَعَ العُسرِ یُسراً (Verily, with difficulty there is ease.) • the subject is connected to a pronoun that refers to the predicate.

For example: إنَّ في الدارِ صاحبَها (Verily in the house is its owner.) When is it permissible for the predicate of particles which resemble a verb to come before the subject? It is permissible for the predicate of these particles to be mentioned before the subject if the predicate is an adverbial noun of time or place or a prepositional phrase and the subject is definite, for example: إنَّ في الصَّومِ صحَّةَ البدنِ (Verily in fasting there is health.) When is the hamzah of inna given a kasrah ?

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