Nisa Al-Khulafah Min Al-Haraa'ir Wal’Imaa...
Nisa Al-Khulafah Min Al-Haraa'ir Wal’Imaa, authored by Ali Ibn Anjab Al-Baghdadi “d.674H.”,[^10] and Akhbar An-Nisa of Ibn Al-Qayyim “691751H.”, that was published in 1990 in Beirut. · Beside Al-Isabah Fi Tamyeez As-Sahaabah, by Ibn Hajar Al-Asqallani “773852H.”, the eighth volume of which was dedicated for women. And Akhbar An-Nisa that was written by Ibn AlMubarrad Al-Hanbali “840- 909 H.”, and was published by Daar Al-Ma'arif in Hams. Beside many other works.
· Beside these books there being other articles and researches appeared in books of hadith and Fiqh under the title of Kitaab An-Nikaah, dating back to ancient times. Because discussions on marriage “nikaah” are common between women and men, while the aforementioned works be allocated for women.
The researches of this long epoch were allocated for four realms: collecting and narrating the traditions, history and communicating the episodes concerning women, Fiqhi rules about women, a dervish's bow “Kashkool” and miscellany like 'Uyoon Al-Akhbar which contained miscellaneous writings like narration of hadith, history, scoffing… etc. These writings are in common in two particulars: Being mostly devoid of any kind of analysis and decomposition.
Being mostly written in the way commonly known on the subject of woman “portraying her as an infirm, weak and seductive creature”. Second Period: From 13th up to 19th Century This period started with criticism and refutation; that is some were engaged in criticising some of religious and traditional beliefs concerning the woman and religious scholars took efforts in verifying and manifesting religious views.
This era commenced in the 13th Hijrah century contemporaneously with Muslims' joining the Western world. In other words it started with socio-political movements of women during the first decade of the twentieth century in North America, Europe, Asia and Middle East. Qaasim Ameen wrote a book in 1899 calling it Tahreer Al-Mar'ah, in which he analysed and criticised some religious issues concerning women.
And his other book which was brought out under the title of Al-Mar'ah Al-Jadeedah in the year 1901, following the same course. It is said that 'Itisaam Al-Mulk translated the book Tahreer Al-Mar'ah into Persian in 1900, under the title Tarbiyate Niswan.