Hence it is applied to any other thing which has some sort of dependence...

Hence it is applied to any other thing which has some sort of dependence, whether it is material or immaterial, substance or accident. Therefore, cognition of one or more instances is sufficient for abstracting a universal concept, but the cognition of a universal concept is not sufficient for recognizing its instances. Hence, in order to know the instances which are not known by means of knowledge by presence, standards and criteria must be found.

Furthermore, the causal relation pertaining to the creating cause which is abstracted from the essence of its effect, and the existence of the effect which is…