“Unity means that you do not attribute to Him attributes of...

“Unity means that you do not attribute to Him attributes of defect and deficiency which are applicable to you and justice means that you do not attribute to Him anything which is unacceptable for Him to do to you.”[^12] The Literal and Technical Meaning of Wisdom In lexical usages, ḥikmah (wisdom) is understood to mean firmness and prevention of defect, damage and destruction.

For instance, the rein of the horse is called ḥakamah because it prevents the horse from insubordination and inharmonious acts. The lawyer is called mawlā and ḥākim because he prevents the legally responsible adult ( mukallaf ) from doing unlawful acts. The judge is called ḥākim because he prevents the abuse and violation of the rights of individuals. Theoretical affirmation is called ḥukm because it removes doubt and skepticism in the mind.

Whenever a thing has firmness and stability, it is immune from damage. The word ḥikmah (wisdom), therefore, is concomitant with constancy, firmness and strength – be it theoretically or practically.[^13] Wisdom in the Parlance of Theologians The word ḥikmah in theological discourses is used to mean both theoretical and practical wisdom. 1.

“And the meaning of iḥkām with respect to Allah, the Exalted, in the creation of the things is the firmness of control over it and the excellence of decree for it.” ^15 This holy verse provides this meaning of ḥikmah : ﴿ الَّذِي أَحْسَنَ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلَقَهُ ﴾ “[It is He] who perfected everything that He created.” [^16] (2) The Agent’s immunity from abominable and undue acts.